Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all individuals with a known baseline DM status subdivided by their follow-up category (participant, non-participant) at 6-year follow-up (N = 4388)
Participants | Non-participants or not included in analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | Missing values | Followed-up n = 2166 (49.4%) | Not followed-up Alive/Unknown/DM status missing n = 1814 (41.3%) | p-value* | Deceased n = 408 (9.3%) | p-value** | |
Age in years, mean (SD) | 0 | 62.7 (9.4) | 62.6 (10.4) | 0.84 | 71.6 (12.8) | <0.001 | |
Systolic BP in mmHg, mean (SD) | 12 | 139.5 (23.5) | 140.8 (24.8) | 0.16 | 147.4 (30.3) | <0.001 | |
Diastolic BP in mmHg , mean (SD) | 12 | 82.6 (13.0) | 83.3 (13.6) | 0.19 | 82.7 (16.5) | 0.94 | |
Random Blood Glucose, mean (SD) | 92 | 5.1 (2.3) | 5.3 (2.3) | 0.12 | 5.7 (3.7) | <0.001 | |
Sex, % (n) | Female | 0 | 1025 (47.3%) | 841 (46.4%) | 0.59 | 236 (57.8%) | <0.001 |
Male | 1141 (52.7%) | 973 (53.6%) | 172 (42.2%) | ||||
BMI, % (n) | Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 42 | 267 (12.4%) | 250 (14.0%) | 0.52 | 99 (25.0%) | <0.001 |
Normal (18.5–24.99 kg/m2) | 1091 (50.5%) | 882 (49.2%) | 199 (50.3%) | ||||
Overweight (25–29.99 kg/m2) | 506 (23.4%) | 419 (23.4%) | 66 (16.7%) | ||||
Obese (30 + kg/m2) | 295 (13.7%) | 240 (13.4%) | 32 (8.1%) | ||||
Vision status impaired (<6/12 better eye), % (n) | Normal | 17 | 1985 (91.7%) | 1635 (90.8%) | 0.36 | 306 (75.4%) | <0.001 |
Impaired | 180 (8.3%) | 165 (9.2%) | 100 (24.6%) | ||||
Tribe, % (n) | Kikuyu | 0 | 1393 (64.3%) | 1079 (59.5%) | <0.001 | 283 (69.4%) | 0.09 |
Kalenjin | 540 (24.9%) | 380 (20.9%) | 92 (22.5%) | ||||
Other | 233 (10.8%) | 355 (19.6%) | 33 (8.1%) | ||||
Education, % (n) | None | 1 | 193 (8.9%) | 204 (11.3%) | 0.03 | 26 (6.4%) | <0.001 |
Primary | 687 (31.7%) | 588 (32.4%) | 179 (43.9%) | ||||
Secondary | 1069 (49.4%) | 806 (44.5%) | 174 (42.6%) | ||||
Higher | 217 (10.0%) | 215 (11.9%) | 29 (7.1%) | ||||
Residence, % (n) | Rural | 0 | 1636 (75.5%) | 1014 (55.9%) | <0.001 | 302 (74.0%) | 0.59 |
Urban | 530 (24.5%) | 800 (44.1%) | 106 (26.0%) | ||||
SES Quartile, % (n) | Lower | 22 | 514 (23.8%) | 442 (24.5%) | 0.01 | 136 (33.3%) | 0.003 |
Middle lower | 591 (27.4%) | 404 (22.4%) | 96 (23.5%) | ||||
Middle upper | 557 (25.8%) | 438 (24.3%) | 97 (23.8%) | ||||
Upper | 495 (22.9%) | 517 (28.7%) | 79 (19.4%) | ||||
Smokers, % (n) | Never | 0 | 1503 (69.4%) | 1322 (72.9%) | 0.007 | 255 (62.5%) | 0.02 |
Former | 163 (7.5%) | 145 (8.0%) | 33 (8.1%) | ||||
Current | 500 (23.1%) | 347 (19.1%) | 120 (29.4%) | ||||
Alcohol, % (n) | Never | 5 | 882 (40.8%) | 704 (38.9%) | 0.10 | 117 (28.7%) | <0.001 |
Former | 942 (43.6%) | 772 (42.6%) | 221 (54.2%) | ||||
Current | 339 (15.7%) | 336 (18.5%) | 70 (17.2%) | ||||