| No Ab’s (n = 87; 7.5%) | ≥1 Ab + (n = 1079; 92.5%) | Only GAD65 + (n = 38; 3.3%) | Only IA-2 + (n = 50; 4.3%) | Only ICAs + (n = 8; 0.7%) | Only IAAs + (n = 178; 15.3%) | 2 Ab’s + (n = 477; 40.9%) | 3 Ab’s + (n = 308; 26.4%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yrs) | 15.87 | 15 (6) | 16.5 (7) | 14 (7.3) | 17.8 (4.4) | 15.7 (5.7) | 14.9 (6.1) | 15 (5.9) |
Age at onset of DM (yrs) | 10.6 (6.3) | 9.8 (5.2) | 12 (6.9) | 9.3 (5.5) | 10.9 (4.4) | 7.9 (5.7) | 9.8 (5.2) | 9.6 (5.4) |
Duration of DM (yrs) | 5.3 (6.3) | 5.1 (4.8) | 4.4 (6) | 4.7 (5.8) | 5.9 (4.9) | 5.4 (5) | 5.2 (4.9) | 5.4 (5) |
Birth weight (gr) | 3473 (568) | 3515 (502) | 3389 (389) | 3619 (497) | 3638 (680) | 3492 (507) | 3492 (507) | 3501 (488) |
Gestational age (weeks) | 39.6 (1.2) | 39.4 (1.6) | 39.4 (1.2) | 39.3 (2) | 39.5 (1.2) | 39.6 (1.2) | 39.5 (1.4) | 39.4 (1.6) |
Males (%) | 48.3 | 48.5 | 39.5 | 58 | 75 | 46.6 | 48.4 | 51 |
Positive family history of diabetes (1st degree relatives) (%) | 24.1 | 9.4b | 2.6c | 6d | 37.5 | 10.1 | 10.5 | 11 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.6 (3) | 8.7 (2.2) | 10 (2.5)e | 9.5 (2.1) | 7.9 (2.3) | 8.6 (1.9) | 8.6 (2.1) | 8.6 (2.1) |
Insulin dose (U/kg/d) | 0.63 (0.4) | 0.77 (0.4)f | 0.81 (0.4)g | 0.74 (0.3)h | 0.81(0.4) | 0.79 (0.4)i | 0.76 (0.4) | 0.74 (0.4) |
Positive ATPO (%) | 3.1 | 14.6j | 11. | 6.7 | 16. | 11.6 | 13.6 | 15.7 |
Positive tTG-A (%) | 0 | 3.9 | 9.1 | 2.6 | 0 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 3.9 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 83.9 | 85.7 | 89.5 | 90 | 87.5 | 86 | 83.6 | 85.7 |
Ketosis (data available for 621 patients) | 73.5% (n = 25/34a) | 88.1% (n = 517/587)k | 84% (n = 21/25a) | 100% (n = 21/21a)l | 100% (n = 2/2a) | 87.6 (n = 92/157a)m | 86% (n = 227/264a)n | 92.4% (n = 145/157a)o |
Retinopathy | 13.8% (n = 12) | 7.8% (n = 84)p | 7.9% (n = 3) | 12% (n = 6) | 25% (n = 2) | 9.1% (n = 28) | 8.4% (n = 40) | 9.1% (n = 28) |
Neuropathy | 10.8% (n = 9) | 8.7% (n = 91) | 5.7% (n = 2) | 14% (n = 7) | 0 | 8.6% (n = 26) | 10.2% (n = 47) | 8.6% (n = 26) |
Nephropathy (AER > 300 mg) | 4.8% (n = 4) | 8.8% (n = 91) | 7.9% (n = 3) | 2% (n = 1) | 12.5% (n = 1) | 9.2% (n = 27) | 8% (n = 37) | 9.2% (n = 27) |