Explanatory measure | DFU group (n = 21) | DMC group (n = 69) | HC group (n = 56) | P value | P value for ulcerated vs. non-ulcerated feet of cases [paired] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ulcerated feet | Non-ulcerated feetb | |||||
Pes planus feet type | 14 (66.7Â %) | 12 (60.0Â %) | 29 (42.0Â %) | 19 (33.9Â %) | Â | Â |
Normal arched feet type | 4 (19.0Â %) | 4 (20.0Â %) | 23 (33.3Â %) | 20 (35.7Â %) | 0.146 | 0.317 |
Pes cavus feet type | 3 (14.3Â %) | 4 (20.0Â %) | 17 (24.6Â %) | 17 (30.4Â %) | Â | Â |
First MTPJ rom (degrees) | 30.0 [25.0–45.0] | 33.5 [27.5–45.0]a,b | 44.0 [30.0–50.0] | 45.0 [35.0–60.0] | 0.077 | 0.404 |
Ankle Joint rom (restricted dorsiflexion) | 17 (81.0Â %) | 16 (80.0Â %) | 51 (73.9Â %) | 33 (58.9Â %) | 0.281 | 0.368 |
Subtalar Joint rom (restricted inversion/eversion) | 2 (9.5Â %) | 1 (5.0Â %) | 3 (4.4Â %) | 2 (3.6Â %) | 0.885 | 0.846 |
Hallux Abducto Valgus deformity* | ||||||
 (No deformity) | 14 (66.7 %) | 14 (70.0 %) | 51 (73.9 %) | 30 (53.6 %) | 0.132 | 0.392 |
 (Grade 1) | 5 (23.8 %) | 4 (20.0 %) | 13 (18.8 %) | 15 (26.8 %) | ||
 (Grade 2) | 1 (4.8 %) | 1 (5.0 %) | 3 (4.3 %) | 10 (17.9 %) | ||
 (Grade 3) | 1 (4.8 %) | 1 (5.0 %) | 2 (2.9 %) | 1 (1.8 %) | ||
Claw toe deformity | 6 (28.6Â %) | 8 (40.0Â %) | 11 (15.9Â %) | 15 (26.8Â %) | 0.252 | 0.500 |
Hammer toe deformity | 12 (57.1Â %)a,b | 10 (50.0Â %)a,b | 16 (23.2Â %) | 9 (16.1Â %) | 0.001 | 0.625 |
Mallet toe deformity | 3 (14.3Â %) | 5 (25.0Â %) | 14 (20.3Â %) | 8 (14.3Â %) | 0.630 | 0.500 |