| Insulin Resistance | ||
---|---|---|---|
Variables | No | Yes | P value |
Demographics | |||
 N (%) | 448 (40.1 %) | 667 (59.8 %) |  |
Sex | Â | Â | 0.765 |
 Female (n, %) | 305 (39.8 %) | 461 (60.2 %) |  |
 Male (n, %) | 143 (41.0 %) | 206 (59.0 %) |  |
Age (years) | 52.8 ± 7.2 | 53.4 ± 7.2 | 0.191 |
Education categories, (n, %) | Â | Â | 0.591 |
 Illiteracy | 112 (37.1 %) | 190 (62.9 %) |  |
 Elementary school | 138 (41.8 %) | 192 (58.2 %) |  |
 Middle school | 101 (39.5 %) | 155 (60.5 %) |  |
 High school | 58 (40.8 %) | 84 (59.2 %) |  |
 College or above | 39 (45.9 %) | 46 (54.1 %) |  |
Life style habits | |||
Ever smoking (n, %) | 126 (42.7Â %) | 169 (57.3Â %) | 0.334 |
Ever drinking (n, %) | 60 (46.2Â %) | 70 (53.8Â %) | 0.194 |
Regular physical exercise (n, %) | 159 (44.0Â %) | 202 (56.0Â %) | 0.079 |
Adiposity measurements | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 ± 2.4 | 28.1 ± 3.3 | <0.001*** |
Waist circumference (cm) | 91.9 ± 6.0 | 94.8 ± 7.5 | <0.001*** |
Body fat (%) | 33.3 ± 6.1 | 35.6 ± 7.0 | <0.001*** |
Clinical characteristics | |||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128.9 ± 16.8 | 137.4 ± 17.7 | <0.001*** |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.1 ± 10.4 | 81.7 ± 10.8 | <0.001*** |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.52 ± 0.95 | 2.11 ± 1.41 | <0.001*** |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.76 ± 1.00 | 5.94 ± 1.13 | <0.001*** |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.43 ± 0.29 | 1.32 ± 0.29 | <0.001*** |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.65 ± 0.93 | 3.66 ± 1.07 | 0.878 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.52 ± 0.58 | 6.59 ± 2.11 | <0.001*** |
2-h PG (OGTT) (mmol/L) | 7.40 ± 2.28 | 10.16 ± 4.64 | <0.001*** |
HbA1c | 5.91 ± 0.48 | 6.40 ± 1.25 | <0.001*** |
Fasting insulin (mU/L) | 7.64 ± 1.92 | 16.15 ± 6.73 | <0.001*** |
HOMA-IR (*10−6mol*U*L−2) | 1.87 ± 0.48 | 4.67 ± 2.44 | <0.001*** |
Irisin-log transformed (ng/ml)a | 1.46 ± 2.05 | 1.19 ± 2.34 | 0.042* |