Metformin +Sulfonylurea | Metformin + TZD | Metformin +Insulin | Metformin switch to insulin | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 63,551 | 4942 | 6169 | 1275 |
Age, years median IQRa | 62 (56.5, 70.9) | 65 (57.3, 73.9) | 61 (54.7, 69.3) | 66 (58.4, 76.7) |
Male, (%) | 96 | 95 | 95 | 96 |
Race, (%) | ||||
White | 74 | 78 | 68 | 74 |
Black | 14 | 10 | 21 | 18 |
Other | 4 | 6 | 5 | 5 |
Months to intensificationa | 18 (6, 37) | 11 (4, 23) | 13 (3, 34) | 31 (18, 49) |
Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHga | 132 (121, 142) | 132 (120, 142) | 130 (119, 142) | 130 (119, 142) |
Creatinine, mg/dLa | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) |
Hospitalized in the last year,% | 17.8 | 17.7 | 42.9 | 50.6 |
Number of outpatient visitsa | 6 (4, 11) | 5 (3, 9) | 7 (4, 13) | 6 (3, 12) |
Comorbidities, % | ||||
Malignancy | 9 | 8 | 12 | 16 |
Liver/Respiratory disease | 4 | 3 | 10 | 18 |
Congestive heart failure | 8 | 6 | 13 | 24 |
Cardiovascular disease | 32 | 33 | 38 | 52 |
Serious Mental illness | 28 | 23 | 36 | 38 |
Arrhythmia | 11 | 10 | 14 | 25 |
COPD/Asthma | 17 | 14 | 24 | 32 |
Smoking | 19 | 14 | 24 | 28 |
Medications | ||||
ACE/ARB | 71 | 69 | 67 | 52 |
Antihypertensives | 74 | 73 | 73 | 67 |
Antiarrhythmics | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
Anti-coagulants | 13 | 16 | 18 | 24 |
Statins/lipid lowering drugs | 78 | 77 | 70 | 55 |
Nitrates | 11 | 11 | 14 | 13 |
Aspirin | 24 | 19 | 30 | 23 |
Loop diuretics | 13 | 12 | 22 | 24 |