From: Impact of medical and psychiatric multi-morbidity on mortality in diabetes: emerging evidence
Demographic Variables | All (n = 625,903) | Alive (n = 488,287) | Deceased (n = 137,616) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years; mean, sd) | 65 (11.1) | 64 (10.9) | 71 (9.8) |
Male | 97.8 | 97.5 | 98.7 |
Race/Ethnicity | |||
Non-Hispanic Black | 72.1 | 69.9 | 79.8 |
Non-Hispanic White | 13.2 | 13.5 | 12.3 |
Hispanic | 5.3 | 5.5 | 4.6 |
Other/Unknown race | 9.4 | 11.1 | 3.3 |
Married | 65.3 | 66.1 | 62.3 |
Area of Residence | |||
Rural | 36.8 | 36.7 | 37 |
Urban | 61.7 | 61.8 | 61.6 |
Highly rural | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
Service Connection <50% | 87.7 | 87.8 | 87.6 |
Geographic Region | |||
Northeast | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.1 |
Mid-Atlantic | 21.7 | 21.6 | 21.9 |
South | 21.1 | 21.0 | 21.5 |
Mid-West | 30.9 | 31.0 | 30.7 |
West | 15.3 | 15.4 | 14.8 |
Medical Comorbidity | |||
Hypertension | 78.2 | 77.4 | 81.2 |
Lung disease | 13.8 | 11.2 | 23.0 |
Obesity | 12.9 | 13.6 | 10.2 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 11.9 | 9.4 | 20.8 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 11.4 | 9.1 | 19.7 |
Congestive heart failure | 11.2 | 7.4 | 24.5 |
Anemia | 7.5 | 5.6 | 14.0 |
Cancer | 7.3 | 5.6 | 12.6 |
Hypothyroidism | 6.2 | 5.8 | 7.5 |
Fluid/electrolyte disorders | 4.9 | 3.6 | 9.6 |
Other disease | 3.7 | 2.8 | 6.6 |
Cardiovascular disease | 3.6 | 2.7 | 6.8 |
Liver disease | 3.1 | 2.5 | 5.5 |
Psychiatric Comorbidities | |||
Depression | 12.7 | 12.5 | 13.6 |
Psychoses | 4.4 | 4.2 | 5.1 |
Substance abuse | 3.9 | 3.7 | 4.5 |
Medical Comorbidities | |||
0 Medical comorbidity | 12.1 | 13.8 | 6.4 |
1 Medical comorbidity | 38.1 | 41.8 | 24.8 |
2 Medical comorbidities | 27.3 | 27.1 | 27.9 |
3+ Medical comorbidities | 22.5 | 17.3 | 40.9 |
Psychiatric Comorbidities | |||
0 Psychiatric comorbidity | 82.8 | 83.4 | 80.8 |
1 Psychiatric comorbidity | 14.0 | 13.5 | 15.8 |
2+ Psychiatric comorbidities | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.4 |
Total Comorbidities | |||
1 Comorbidity | 34.0 | 37.3 | 22.0 |
2 Comorbidities | 27.2 | 27.5 | 26.1 |
3 Comorbidities | 14.9 | 13.6 | 19.7 |
4 Comorbidities | 7.4 | 5.9 | 12.6 |
5+ Comorbidities | 6.0 | 3.8 | 13.9 |