Case | Â | Evidence of hyperinsulinemiaain tumour | Resolution of hypoglycemia after resection of tumour | Evidence of neuro-endocrine origin | Mechanism of hypoglycemia -proposed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ovarian carcinoid [5] | Insulin staining (5%), EM – beta cell granules, absence of pancreatic tumor at autopsy | Not demonstrated | HPE | Direct tumoral secretion of insulin |
2 | Carcinoma cervix [6] | Insulin staining, absence of pancreatic tumor at autopsy | Not demonstrated | HPE | Liver metastasisb, Direct tumoral secretion of insulin |
3 | Bronchial carcinoid [7] | Insulin staining | Not demonstrated | HPE | Liver metastasisc, Direct tumoral secretion of insulin |
4 | Paraganglioma [8] | None | Yes | HPE | No conclusive evidence of direct tumoral secretion of insulin |
5 | Paraganglioma [9] | Insulin staining (3%) | Yes | HPE | Direct tumoral secretion of insulin |
6 | Pheochromocytoma [10] | Insulin stain negative, absence of pancreatic tumor at autopsy | Not demonstrated | HPE | Beta adrenoceptor mediated release of insulin from pancreas |
7 | Neuroendocrine tumor of liver [11] | Insulin staining, absence of any extrahepatic tumor at autopsy, Selective arterial calcium stimulation | Not demonstrated | HPE | Direct tumoral secretion of insulind |
8 | Neuroendocrine tumour kidney (carcinoid) (present case) | Insulin staining, EM – beta cell granules, | Yes | HPE, 68Gallium DOTANOC, HYNICTOC imaging | Direct tumoral secretion of insulin |