Table 3 Genes with changed expression in diabetic diaphragm and sternohyoid that were assigned to specific statistically over-represented Gene Ontology (GO) terms

  Protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit

Prkaa1

2.2

  Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor

Cidea

2.2

  Diazepam binding inhibitor

Dbi

1.7

  Carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

Crot

1.6

  Adipose differentiation related protein

Adfp

1.6

  Low density lipoprotein-related protein 1 (alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor)

Lrp1

1.5

  Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6

Acsl6

−1.7

  Thyroid hormone responsive

Thrsp

−2.1

  Transmembrane 7 superfamily member 2

Tm7sf2

−2.5

Carbohydrate metabolism

  Protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit

Prkaa1

2.2

  UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2

Ugp2

−1.5

  Solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4

Slc2a4

−1.5

  Coenzyme Q7 homolog, ubiquinone (yeast)

Coq7

−1.6

  6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1

Pfkfb1

−1.7

  Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial

Gpd2

−1.7

  Dicarbonyl L-xylulose reductase

Dcxr

−2.0

Muscle contraction

  Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3

Csrp3

4.2

  Myosin binding protein H

Mybph

3.0

  PDZ and LIM domain 3

Pdlim3

1.6

  Calsequestrin 2 (cardiac muscle)

Casq2

1.5

  Myosin, heavy chain 4, skeletal muscle

Myh4

−3.6

Ion transport

Calcium channel

  Myosin, light chain 6B, alkali, smooth muscle and non-muscle

Myl6b

6.8

  Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 2 subunit

Cacnb2

1.6

  Sarcolipin

Sln

1.6

  Calsequestrin 2 (cardiac muscle)

Casq2

1.5

  Integrin alpha 7

Itga7

1.5

  Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial

Gpd2

−1.7

  S100 calcium binding protein A3

S100a3

−1.7

  Parvalbumin

Pvalb

−2.0

  Phospholamban

Pln

−2.4

  Sodium/Potassium channels

  Sodium channel, voltage-gated, type III, beta

Scn3b

2.2

  Potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel subfamily M, alpha member 1

Kcnma1

1.5

  FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 7

Fxyd7

−1.7

Other channels

  Low density lipoprotein-related protein 1 (alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor)

Lrp1

1.5

  Solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 4

Slc30a4

1.5

  Aquaporin 1

Aqp1

−1.5

  Chloride channel 4-2

Clcn4-2

−1.8

Collagen

  Collagen, type I, alpha 2

Col1a2

−1.6

  Collagen, type III, alpha 1

Col3a1

−1.7

  Collagen, type I, alpha 1

Col1a1

−2.0

  Ficolin (collagen/fibrinogen domain containing) 1

Fcn1

−2.1

Collagen

  Collagen, type I, alpha 2

Col1a2

−1.6

  Collagen, type III, alpha 1

Col3a1

−1.7

  Collagen, type I, alpha 1

Col1a1

−2.0

Blood circulation

  Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3

Csrp3

4.2

  Potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel subfamily M, alpha member 1

Kcnma1

1.5

  Collagen, type III, alpha 1

Col3a1

−1.7

  Apelin

Apln

−2.2

  Phospholamban

Pln

−2.4

Oxidoreductase activity

  2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial

Decr1

2.0

  IMP (inosine monophosphate) dehydrogenase 2

Impdh2

1.6

  Potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel subfamily M, alpha member 1

Kcnma1

1.5

  Solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 4

Slc30a4

1.5

  Coenzyme Q7 homolog, ubiquinone (yeast)

Coq7

−1.6

  Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial

Gpd2

−1.7

  S100 calcium binding protein A3

S100a3

−1.7

  Dicarbonyl L-xylulose reductase

Dcxr

−2.0

  Phytanoyl-CoA dioxygenase domain containing 1

Phyhd1

−2.1

  Transmembrane 7 superfamily member 2

Tm7sf2

−2.5

STERNOHYOID

  Gene title

Gene Symbol

FC

Lipid metabolism

  Acyl-CoA thioesterase 2

Acot2

2.4

  Nudix (nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X)-type motif 4

Nudt4

2.1

  Retinol saturase (all trans retinol 13,14 reductase)

Retsat

1.9

  Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, muscle

Cpt1b

1.7

  Carnitine O-octanoyltransferase

Crot

1.6

  Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2

Cpt2

1.5

  Solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 1

Slc27a1

1.5

  Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6

Acsl6

−1.6

  Thyroid hormone responsive

Thrsp

−2.1

  Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1

Srebf1

−2.4

Carbohydrate metabolism

  Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (soluble)

Gpd1

−1.6

  Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial

Gpd2

−1.8

Muscle contraction

  Myosin binding protein H

Mybph

8.6

  Complement component 4a

C4a

2.0

  Calsequestrin 2 (cardiac muscle)

Casq2

2.0

  Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, delta

Chrnd

1.9

  Heat shock protein, alpha-crystallin-related, B6

Hspb6

−1.6

  Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase

Gamt

−1.6

Ion transport

Calcium channel

  S100 calcium-binding protein A4

S100a4

1.9

  Complement component 1, q subcomponent, beta polypeptide

C1qb

1.7

  Complement component 1, q subcomponent, alpha polypeptide

C1qa

1.6

  Macrophage galactose N-acetyl-galactosamine specific lectin 1

Mgl1

1.5

  Calsequestrin 2 (cardiac muscle)

Casq2

1.5

  Follistatin-like 1

Fstl1

−1.5

  Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial

Gpd2

−1.7

  Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase

Eef2k

−2.0

  ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 3, (AKA PMCA2)

Atp2b3

−2.1

  Myosin, light chain 6B, alkali, smooth muscle and non-muscle

Myl6b

−2.5

Sodium/Potassium channels

  FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 2

Fxyd2

1.6

  Potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel subfamily M, alpha member 1

Kcnma1

1.5

  ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 2 polypeptide

Atp1b2

−1.6

Magnesium

  Inositol (myo)-1(or 4)-monophosphatase 2

Impa2

1.8

  Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 6

Acsl6

−1.6

Other channels

  Latent transforming growth factor beta binding protein 1

Ltbp1

2.0

  Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, delta

Chrnd

1.9

  2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 2, peroxisomal

Decr2 /// Rab11fip3

−1.6

  Solute carrier family 16, member 3 (monocarboxylic acid transporter 4)

Slc16a3

−1.7

  Amylase, alpha 1A (salivary)

Amy1a

−1.7

Collagen

  Collagen, type V, alpha 1

Col5a1

−1.8

  Collagen, type I, alpha 1

Col1a1

−1.9

  Collagen, type I, alpha 2

Col1a2

−2.2

Collagen

  Collagen, type V, alpha 1

Col5a1

−1.8

  Collagen, type XV, alpha 1

Col15a1

−1.9

  Collagen, type I, alpha 1

Col1a1

−1.9

  Collagen, type I, alpha 2

Col1a2

−2.2

Immune & inflammatory

  Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1)

Cdkn1a

2.4

  Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIb, receptor (CD32)

Fcgr2b

2.2

  Complement component 4a

C4a

2.0

  Adipsin

Adn

1.8

  Complement component 1, q subcomponent, beta polypeptide

C1qb

1.7

  Complement component 1, q subcomponent, alpha polypeptide

C1qa

1.6

  Complement factor H

Cfh

1.6

  Dipeptidylpeptidase 4

Dpp4

−1.9

  Myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1

Mx1

−1.9

  Spondin 2, extracellular matrix protein

Spon2

−2.0

Response to stress & wounding

  Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1)

Cdkn1a

2.4

  Acyl-CoA thioesterase 2

Acot2

2.4

  Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIb, receptor (CD32)

Fcgr2b

2.2

  Complement component 4a

C4a

2.0

  Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1

Dmbt1

1.9

  Complement factor D (adipsin)

Adn

1.8

  Complement component 1, q subcomponent, beta polypeptide

C1qb

1.7

  Potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel subfamily M, alpha member 1

Kcnma1

1.6

  Complement component 1, q subcomponent, alpha polypeptide

C1qa

1.6

  Complement factor H

Cfh

1.6

  Epidermal growth factor receptor

Egfr

−1.5

  SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 4

Sox4

−1.6

  Serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade H, member 1

Serpinh1

−1.6

  Heat shock protein, alpha-crystallin-related, B6

Hspb6

−1.6

  Collagen, type I, alpha 1

Col1a1

−1.9

  Heat shock protein 2

Hspa2

−2.0

  Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1

Srebf1

−2.4