From: Impact of therapy escalation on ambulatory care costs among patients with type 2 diabetes in France
Patients with normal renal function | Patients with declining renal function | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mono-therapy | Double therapy | Triple therapy | Insulin therapy | Non diabetic patients | Mono-therapy | Double therapy | Triple therapy | Insulin therapy | |
Number of patients | 4,353 | 2,503 | 728 | 1,032 | 27,389 | 411 | 267 | 78 | 267 |
Female (N,%) | 48.0% | 46.1% | 43.4% | 53.7% | 47.6% | 45.3% | 44.9% | 35.9% | 47.2% |
Age (mean, sd) (1) | 67.7 (11.5) | 66.3 (11.1) | 64.0 (10.1) | 67.4 (11.9) | 66.9(11.4) | 69.6 (11.0) | 67.3 (11.6) | 66.0 (10.3) | 71.4 (10.0) |
Out of metropolitan France | 4.5% | 5.3% | 5.9% | 8.6% | - | 6.6% | 9.4% | 7.7% | 10.1% |
CMU* beneficiary | 2.5% | 3.4% | 4.3% | 3.3% | 3.3% | 4.9% | 6.0% | 3.9% | 3.0% |
Reimbursement rate for antidiabetics (mean, sd) | 90.9 (15.6) | 95.7 (12.0) | 97.2 (10.3) | 98.1 (8.1) | - | - | - | - | - |
Antihypertensive | 79.0% | 79.0% | 81.2% | 86,0% | 47.8% | 88.3% | 85.8% | 93.6% | 96.3% |
Antithrombotic agents | 41.3% | 41.9% | 40.3% | 60.3% | 22.7% | 49.4% | 44.9% | 32.1% | 74.5% |
Hypolipidemic drugs | 62.8% | 65.0% | 72.1% | 69.0% | 33.0% | 67.4% | 67.8% | 71.8% | 79.8% |
ALD*-5: Cardiac Insufficiency | 2.8% | 1.8% | 1.7% | 2.4% | 1.7% | 4.4% | 2.3% | 2.6% | 1.9% |
ALD-8: Diabetes | 32.9% | 50.1% | 62.9% | 75.6% | - | 41.6% | 56.6% | 73.1% | 77.9% |
ALD-12: Hypertension | 10.9% | 9.8% | 9.9% | 10.2% | 3.0% | 13.1% | 18.0% | 14.1% | 12.0% |
ALD-13: Myocardial infarction | 5.7% | 5.1% | 3.7% | 5.6% | 3.7% | 7.5% | 3.8% | 1.3% | 7.1% |
ALD-23: Psychosis | 4.0% | 4.0% | 5.5% | 6.5% | 3.5% | 2.9% | 3.8% | 2.6% | 4.5% |
ALD-30: Malignant cancer | 5.8% | 5.0% | 3.2% | 3.5% | 5.5% | 7.1% | 6.7% | 2.6% | 5.6% |