Table 1 Weighted Characteristics of participant with different Diabetes status
Variable | Total (N = 9661) | Normoglycemia (N = 6674) | Pre-Diabetes (N = 944) | Diabetes(N = 2043) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | < 0.001 | ||||
2005–2006 | 1880(19.46) | 1355(24.048) | 191(24.256) | 334(19.148) | |
2007–2008 | 2412(24.966) | 1596(22.746) | 298(29.596) | 518(24.692) | |
2009–2010 | 2175(22.513) | 1521(20.613) | 201(19.463) | 453(19.553) | |
2013–2014 | 2023(20.94) | 1463(21.696) | 164(16.526) | 396(19.472) | |
2017–2018 | 1171(12.121) | 739(10.898) | 90(10.159) | 342(17.134) | |
Age | 55.270(0.208) | 54.122(0.226) | 57.116(0.427) | 59.729(0.336) | < 0.001 |
Gender | < 0.001 | ||||
Male | 4722(48.877) | 3145(45.028) | 498(53.059) | 1079(54.033) | |
Female | 4939(51.123) | 3529(54.972) | 446(46.941) | 964(45.967) | |
Race | < 0.001 | ||||
White | 4363(45.161) | 3224(73.948) | 458(72.563) | 681(59.266) | |
Other | 1762(18.238) | 1147(10.514) | 175(12.167) | 440(16.026) | |
Black | 1918(19.853) | 1298(9.534) | 139(7.399) | 481(14.253) | |
Mexican American | 1618(16.748) | 1005(6.003) | 172(7.870) | 441(10.455) | |
BMI | < 0.001 | ||||
Under | 427(4.444) | 370(5.571) | 33(3.312) | 24(1.164) | |
Over | 6826(71.045) | 4438(65.283) | 713(78.639) | 1675(85.066) | |
Normal | 2355(24.511) | 1834(29.147) | 193(18.049) | 328(13.770) | |
Education | < 0.001 | ||||
Under High School | 2620(27.147) | 1574(14.575) | 294(20.214) | 752(23.687) | |
High School or Equivalent | 2212(22.92) | 1543(23.991) | 205(24.754) | 464(26.082) | |
Above High School | 4819(49.933) | 3551(61.434) | 444(55.032) | 824(50.231) | |
Family_Income | < 0.001 | ||||
Under $50,000 | 4726(51.136) | 3142(38.533) | 482(43.789) | 1102(45.539) | |
Over $50,000 | 4516(48.864) | 3255(61.467) | 415(56.211) | 846(54.461) | |
Smoke | < 0.001 | ||||
Never | 5110(52.899) | 3570(54.482) | 465(47.950) | 1075(53.599) | |
Former | 2679(27.733) | 1715(25.882) | 298(32.463) | 666(33.217) | |
Now | 1871(19.369) | 1389(19.635) | 181(19.587) | 301(13.183) | |
Alcohol Use | < 0.001 | ||||
Never | 1242(14.01) | 757(9.004) | 141(12.919) | 344(16.394) | |
Former | 1780(20.079) | 1104(15.164) | 171(15.478) | 505(23.560) | |
Mild | 3257(36.74) | 2330(42.033) | 327(42.325) | 600(38.546) | |
Moderate | 1270(14.326) | 977(18.171) | 104(12.856) | 189(11.640) | |
Heavy | 1316(14.845) | 976(15.627) | 144(16.423) | 196(9.861) | |
MET | 3481.478(96.661) | 3578.798(110.786) | 3176.964(220.643) | 3136.710(214.267) | 0.068 |
Dietary intake | |||||
Protein intake | 81.628(0.666) | 81.859(0.706) | 82.656(1.687) | 79.855(1.498) | 0.368 |
Calcium intake | 938.108(10.209) | 950.632(11.440) | 903.481(24.919) | 898.204(16.285) | 0.01 |
Vitamin D intake | 4.755(0.096) | 4.825(0.121) | 4.886(0.309) | 4.360(0.154) | 0.085 |
Hematology examination | |||||
Glucose | 5.669(0.026) | 5.151(0.011) | 5.649(0.025) | 8.200(0.112) | < 0.001 |
HbA1c | 5.687(0.015) | 5.424(0.006) | 5.551(0.019) | 7.046(0.047) | < 0.001 |
Uric acid | 320.380(1.185) | 314.179(1.333) | 345.290(3.362) | 334.731(2.813) | < 0.001 |
Calcium | 2.358(0.002) | 2.359(0.003) | 2.350(0.004) | 2.357(0.004) | 0.03 |
Phosphorus | 1.209(0.003) | 1.219(0.003) | 1.150(0.008) | 1.196(0.007) | < 0.001 |
Bone mineral density | |||||
Hip BMD | 0.946(0.002) | 0.939(0.002) | 0.962(0.006) | 0.974(0.006) | < 0.001 |
Femoral neck BMD | 0.793(0.002) | 0.787(0.002) | 0.806(0.005) | 0.810(0.005) | < 0.001 |
Spine BMD | 1.020(0.002) | 1.013(0.002) | 1.031(0.007) | 1.048(0.006) | < 0.001 |