Table 2 Baseline clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and the clinical outcomes in patients with known diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes
| Â | Known diabetes | Newly diagnosed diabetes | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
n = 31 | n = 9 | ||
Age, yr | 71.8 ± 14.4 | 61.0 ± 16.6 | 0.056 |
Female sex | 9 (30) | 2 (22) | 0.667 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.4 ± 3.7 | 25.0 ± 4.3 | 0.642 |
Current Smoker | 12 (38) | 4 (44) | 0.693 |
Symptom onset to admission, d | 6.7 ± 3.7 | 7.5 ± 3.8 | 0.598 |
Comorbidities | |||
  Hypertension | 23 (74) | 1 (11) | 0.003 |
  COPD | 2 (7) | 1 (11) | 0.728 |
  Cardiovascular disease | 10 (32) | 0 (0) | 0.086 |
  Cancer history | 2 (7) | 2 (22) | 0.540 |
Laboratory parameters at admission | |||
  HbA1c, % | 7.4 (7.0–8.0) | 7.4 (6.8–8.8) | 0.795 |
  White blood cells, 109/L | 5.9 (4.2–6.7) | 5.0 (4.3–5.1) | 0.136 |
  Neutrophils, 109/L | 3.9 (2.4–4.9) | 3.2 (2.9–3.3) | 0.566 |
  Lymphocyte, 109/L | 1.1 (0.7–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 0.769 |
  Albumin, g/dL | 3.6 (2.9–3.9) | 3.8 (3.5–4.0) | 0.183 |
  BUN, mg/dL | 17.0 (12.9–28.5) | 12.5(10.7–15.4) | 0.068 |
  Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 0.81 (0.76–0.99) | 0.74 (0.60–0.83) | 0.095 |
  eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 62.6 (53.1–73.8) | 80.7 (70.6–88.5) | 0.056 |
  C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 4.5 (1.3–7.0) | 5.9 (3.3–12.4) | 0.388 |
  Ferritin, ng/mL | 385 (274–874) | 883 (733–1509) | 0.130 |
  D-dimer, µg/mL | 1.06 (0.84–1.91) | 0.76 (0.67–0.96) | 0.126 |
  The 4C mortality score | 11 (7–14) | 10 (8–10) | 0.269 |
Adjuvant COVID-19 therapy | |||
  Steroids | 17 (55) | 6 (67) | 0.527 |
  Remdesivir | 8 (26) | 3 (33) | 0.656 |
  Favipiravir | 24 (77) | 7 (78) | 0.827 |
Severity | |||
  Mild or Moderate | 22 (71) | 5 (56) | 0.499 |
  Severe | 6 (19) | 1 (11) | 0.496 |
  Critical | 3 (10) | 3 (33) | 0.156 |
Clinical outcomes | |||
  days of hospitalization, d | 16.7 ± 11.4 | 10.7 ± 7.3 | 0.248 |
  Death | 4 (13) | 0 (23) | 0.557 |