Table 2 Clinical manifestations and hormonal and biochemical levels of patients with moderate and severe DKA

Age (years)

6.90 ± 0.61

7.95 ± 0.64

0.243

Acidosis correction time (h)

15.41 ± 0.83

9.50 ± 0.76

< 0.001

Insulin dosage (U/kg/d)

0.99 ± 0.04

1.01 ± 0.03

0.754

BMI (kg/m²)

15.31 (14.18–16.54)

15.57 (13.33–17.63)

0.890

Blood pH

6.99 ± 0.02

7.19 ± 0.01

< 0.001

HCO3⁻ (mmol/L)

3.5 (3–4.25)

7.8 (6.1–9.4)

< 0.001

Lac (mmol/L)

1.6 (1.25–1.95)

1.4(0.95–2.6)

0.430

Glu (mmol/L)

26.06 ± 1.11

23.89 ± 1.06

0.166

Sodium (mmol/L)

133.2 ± 0.93

132.5 ± 0.74

0.595

Potassium (mmol/L)

4.24 ± 0.16

4.39 ± 0.13

0.493

Total calcium (mmol/L)

2.21 (2.09–2.45)

2.26 (2.1–2.34)

0.932

WBC (×10⁹/L)

15.5 ± 1.34

11.87 ± 1.12

0.044

Vitamin D (nmol/L)

31.02 ± 5.49

35.37 ± 6.52

0.617

HbA1c (%)

13 (11.35–14.8)

12.8 (11.25–13.85)

0.816

Insulin (pmol/L)

7.54 ± 0.61

6.86 ± 0.91

0.533

C-peptide (ng/mL)

0.08 (0.05–0.13)

0.07 (0.03–0.15)

0.666