From: Lifestyle management in polycystic ovary syndrome – beyond diet and physical activity
Intervention | N study design | N studies; N participants | Main findingsa | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vitamins | ||||
B-group vitamins (B1, B6, and B12) | 1 RCT | 1; 60 | Counteracted Hcy-increasing effect of metformin ↔ HOMA-IR | Kilicdag et al. 2005 [198] |
Folate (vitamin B9) | 2 RCT | 2; 150 | ↓ Hcy [199, 200], HOMA-β [199], HOMA-IR [200], FINS [200], TC:HDL-C ratio [200], CRP [199], MDA [199] | Bahmani et al. 2014 [199] Asemi et al. 2014 [200] |
Inositols (vitamin B8) | 1 SR/MA | 9 RCT; 496 | ↓ HOMA-IR; ↓ FINS ↔ androstenedione, T, SHBG | Unfer et al. 2017 [191] |
Vitamin D | 2 SR/MA | 23 RCT; 1367 | ↓ TC [201], LDL [201], TAG [201], HOMA-IR [203], FGL [203], FINS [203], VLDL-C [203] ↑ QUICKI [203] ↔ HDL-C [201] | Guo et al. 2020 [201] Gao et al. 2021 [203] |
Vitamin E | 1 RCT | 1; 86 | ↓ FGL, HOMA-IR, SHBG, T (only when combined with coenzyme Q10) | Izadi et al. 2019 [205] |
Vitamin K | 1 RCT | 1; 79 | ↓ WC, FBM, FINS, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, TAG, FAI, DHT ↑ skeletal muscle mass, SHBG, QUICKI | Tarkesh et al. 2020 [206] |
Vitamin-like supplements | ||||
Soy isoflavones | 1 pilot pre-post prospective | 1; 12 | ↓TC, LDL-C, LDL-C:HDL-C ratio, TAG | Romualdi et al. 2018 [208] |
Carnitine (L-Carnitine) | 1 RCT | 1; 60 | ↓ MDA, MDA:TAC ratio ↑ TAC | Jamilian et al. 2017 [211] |
Alpha-lipoic acid | 2 pre-post prospective | 2; 52 | ↓ BMI [214], IR [213], LDL-C [213], TAG [213], ovarian cysts [214] ↑ progesterone [214] | Masharani et al. 2010 [213] Cianci et al. 2015 [214] |
Minerals | ||||
Vitamin D and calcium | 1 SR/MA | 6 RCT; 480 | ↓ FINS, HOMA-IR, FGL, T, TAG, VLDL-C, TC, LDL-C, hirsutism ↑ QUICKI, menstrual regularity | Shojaeian et al. 2019 [219] |
Zinc | 1 SR | 5 RCT; 285 | ↓ HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, FINS, MDA, CRP, T, FSH, TC, LDL-C, TAG, VLDL-C, DHEAS ↑ TAC, QUICKI | Nasiadek et al. 2020 [220] |
Selenium | 1 SR | 5 RCT; NR | ↓ IR, CRP and MDA in some RCTs ↔ (or inconsistent findings) BMI, BW, FGL, blood lipids, androgens, acne, hirsutism | Hajizadeh-Sharafabad et al. 2019 [221] |
Magnesium | 1 SR | 3 RCT; 156 | Serum magnesium concentrations were associated with IR but supplementation had inconsistent effects | Hamilton et al. 2019 [222] |
Chromium Picolinate | 2 SR/MA | 11 RCT; 702 | ↓ BMI [223], FINS [223], IR [224], T [223] ↑ T [224] | Fazelian et al. [223] Tang et al. [224] |
Other supplements | ||||
Omega-3 fatty acids | 1 SR/MA | 9 RCT; 591 | ↓ HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C and TAG. ↔ FINS, FGL, BMI, androgens | Yang et al. 2018 [225] |
N-acetyl-cysteine | 1 SR/MA | 8 RCTS; 910 | ↑ rates of pregnancy and live births | Thakker et al. 2015 [226] |
Coenzyme Q10 | 1 RCT | 1; 60 | ↓FGL, FINS, HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, , TC, LDL-C ↑ QUICKI | Samimi et al. 2017 [227] |
Probiotics | 2 SR/MA | 19 RCT; 1261 | ↓ FINS [228], TG [228], VLDL-C [228], FAI [229] ↔ BW [228], FGL [228], HOMA-IR [228], TC [228], LDL-C [228], HDL-C [228], CRP [228], DHEA [228], T [229] | Liao et al. 2018 [228] Shamasbi et al. 2020 [229] |
Quercetin | 1 SR | 3 RCT; 246 | Some improvement in adiponectin-mediated IR ↔ BW, WHR | Pourteymour et al. 2020 [232] |
Resveratrol | 1 SR/MA | 3 RCT; 131 | ↓ T ↑ high-quality oocytes and embryos ↔ BMI, blood lipids, FGL, pregnancy rate | Shojaei-Zarghani et al. 2021 [233] |
Melatonin | 1 SR/MA | 2 RCT and 1 cell culture; 640 | ↑ pregnancy rates in assisted reproductive technology | Hu et al. 2020 [172] |
Herbal medicine | ||||
Cinnamon | 1 SR/MA | 5 RCT; 448 | ↓HOMA-IR, TC, LDL, FGL, FINS ↑ HDL ↔ BW | Heydarpour et al. 2020 [260] |
Curcumin | 2 RCT | 2; 118 | Heshmati et al. 2021 [238] Sohaei et al. 2019 [239] | |
Sage | 1 RCT | 1; 70 | ↓ BW, BMI, WC, FGL, FINS, HOMA-IR, QUICKI ↔ WHR | Amini et al. 2020 [241] |
Fennel and dry cupping | 1 RCT | 1; 55 | ↓ BMI, cycle length | Mokaberinejad et.al. 2019 [243] |
Licorice | 1 pre-post prospective 1 quasi-experimental | 2; 41 | ↓ T [245] Reduce prevalence of side effects related to the diuretic activity of spironolactone [246] | Armanini et al. 2004 [245] Armanini et al. 2007 [246] |
Spearmint, ginger, citrus and cinnamon | 1 RCT | 1; 60 | ↓ HOMA-IR, FINS, FGL | Ainehchi et al. 2019 [251] |
Chinese herbal medicine | 1 SR/MA | 4 RCT; 414 | ↑ pregnancy rate when taken with clomiphene (versus clomiphene alone) ↔ pregnancy rate when taken alone (versus clomiphene alone) Insufficient evidence for subfertility | Zhou et al. 2016 [235] |
Other TCIM | ||||
Acupuncture | 2 SR/MA | 31 RCT; 2846b | ↓ BMI [255], LH [254], T [254] ↑ menstrual regularity [254] ↔ FGL [255], FINS [255], live birth [254], pregnancy rate [254], ovulation [254] | Wu et al. 2020 [254] Qu et al. 2016 [255] |
Yoga | 1 SR/MA [258] 1 RCT [259] | 21; 1059 a | ↓ WC [259], HC [259], HOMA-IR [120], FGL [258], FINS [258], T [120], LH [120], DHEA [120], androstenedione [120], adiponectin [120], clinical hyperandrogenism [259] ↑ menstrual regularity [258], menstrual frequency [257] ↓ stress and anxiety [257] | Shele et al. 2020 [120] Thakur et al. 2021 [257] Anita et al. 2021 [258] Mohseni M et al. 2021 [259] |