Fig. 1

Viewing lifestyle modifications through a whole person or holistic care lens. The key features of whole person or holistic care listed in the centre of the figure have been adapted from Thomas et al. [20]. ‘Recognises individual personhood’ relates to focusing on the unique needs of the person rather than the disease. ‘Importance of therapeutic relationship’ emphasises patient autonomy and responsibility. ‘Acknowledges humanity of the doctor’ considers the doctors’ ability to self-reflect on how they engage in the care of the patient. ‘Health as more than absence of disease’ incorporates the mental, emotional, physical, environmental and social needs of the patient. ‘Employs a range of treatment modalities’ promotes continuity of care across health disciplines, and while it may include traditional, complementary and integrative medicine (TCIM), TCIM is not holistic if used in isolation and without adequate integration into conventional healthcare