Table 3 Determinants of diabetes awareness, treatment, and glycemic control among the diabetic population of Tehran Cohort Study
| Â | Awarenessa n=1244 (82.8%) | Treatmenta n=1080 (71.9%) | Control among treateda n=342 (31.7%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | n (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | n (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | n (%) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value |
Age, year | |||||||||
 35-44 | 85 (68.5) | Ref. |  | 65 (52.4) | Ref. |  | 22 (33.8) | Ref. |  |
 45-54 | 239 (78.4) | 1.448 (0.871-2.407) | 0.153 | 197 (64.6) | 1.409 (0.890-2.229) | 0.143 | 51 (25.9) | 0.760 (0.394-1.469) | 0.416 |
 55-64 | 424 (83.0) | 1.491 (0.908-2.446) | 0.114 | 371 (72.6) | 1.719 (1.093-2.703) | 0.019 | 99 (26.8) | 0.812 (0.430-1.535) | 0.523 |
 65-74 | 335 (87.5) | 1.955 (1.116-3.425) | 0.019 | 297 (77.5) | 1.955 (1.196-3.195) | 0.007 | 100 (33.7) | 1.167 (0.605-2.249) | 0.645 |
 ≥75 | 161 (89.4) | 2.104 (1.043-4.246) | 0.038 | 150 (83.3) | 2.538 (1.380-4.666) | 0.003 | 70 (47.0) | 2.475 (1.213-5.050) | 0.013 |
Sex | |||||||||
 Men | 566 (81.1) | Ref. |  | 498 (71.3) | Ref. |  | 142 (28.5) | Ref. |  |
 Women | 678 (84.2) | 1.137 (0.811-1.594) | 0.455 | 582 (72.3) | 0.878 (0.664-1.161) | 0.363 | 200 (34.5) | 1.789 (1.295-2.471) | <0.001 |
Marital status | |||||||||
 Non-married | 13 (92.9) | Ref. |  | 11 (78.6) | Ref. |  | 3 (27.3) | Ref. |  |
 Married | 1231 (82.7) | 0.402 (0.046-3.500) | 0.410 | 1069 (71.8) | 0.499 (0.111-2.229) | 0.363 | 339 (31.8) | 1.233 (0.312-4.867) | 0.764 |
Education, year | |||||||||
 Illiterate | 162 (89.5) | Ref. |  | 147 (81.2) | Ref. |  | 46 (31.5) | Ref. |  |
 1-5 | 184 (85.6) | 1.083 (0.571-2.051) | 0.806 | 159 (74.0) | 0.867 (0.518-1.450) | 0.587 | 54 (34.0) | 1.372 (0.823-2.288) | 0.225 |
 6-12 | 645 (80.7) | 0.788 (0.458-1.356) | 0.390 | 554 (69.3) | 0.727 (0.468-1.129) | 0.157 | 162 (29.3) | 1.230 (0.781-1.936) | 0.371 |
 >12 | 253 (82.4) | 1.046 (0.565-1.936) | 0.884 | 220 (71.7) | 0.906 (0.546-1.505) | 0.704 | 80 (36.4) | 1.919 (1.131-3.256) | 0.016 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||||||||
 <20 | 11 (91.7) | Ref. |  | 10 (83.3) | Ref. |  | 5 (50.0) | Ref. |  |
 20-24.9 | 230 (87.5) | 0.487 (0.053-4.405) | 0.522 | 203 (77.2) | 0.483 (0.090-2.581) | 0.395 | 56 (27.6) | 0.413 (0.103-1.650) | 0.211 |
 25-29.9 | 489 (83.0) | 0.316 (0.035-2.806) | 0.302 | 419 (71.1) | 0.333 (0.063-1.743) | 0.193 | 129 (30.9) | 0.489 (0.125-1.910) | 0.304 |
 30-34.9 | 331 (81.1) | 0.258 (0.029-2.304) | 0.226 | 285 (69.9) | 0.318 (0.060-1.671) | 0.176 | 102 (35.8) | 0.618 (0.155-2.457) | 0.495 |
 ≥35 | 161 (77.8) | 1.952 (0.021-1.778) | 0.147 | 145 (70.0) | 0.308 (0.057-1.655) | 0.170 | 40 (27.6) | 0.361 (0.088-1.480) | 0.157 |
Hypertension | |||||||||
 No | 516 (76.6) | Ref. |  | 427 (63.4) | Ref. |  | 131 (30.8) | Ref. |  |
 Yes | 728 (87.8) | 1.548 (1.120-2.141) | 0.008 | 653 (78.8) | 1.502 (1.159-1.946) | 0.002 | 211 (32.4) | 0.832 (0.611-1.133) | 0.245 |
Dyslipidemia | |||||||||
 No | 433 (74.1) | Ref. |  | 360 (61.6) | Ref. |  | 107 (29.7) | Ref. |  |
 Yes | 811 (88.2) | 2.212 (1.649-2.967) | <0.001 | 720 (78.3) | 1.999 (1.558-2.565) | <0.001 | 235 (32.7) | 1.239 (0.912-1.683) | 0.170 |
Chronic kidney disease | |||||||||
 No | 1209 (82.4) | Ref. |  | 1048 (71.4) | Ref. |  | 328 (31.4) | Ref. |  |
 Yes | 35 (97.2) | 4.494 (0.657-30.733) | 0.125 | 32 (88.9) | 1.859 (0.604-5.722) | 0.280 | 14 (43.8) | 1.297 (0.541-3.108) | 0.558 |
Tobacco user | |||||||||
 Current | 187 (79.9) | Ref. |  | 158 (67.5) | Ref. |  | 55 (35.0) | Ref. |  |
 Former | 75 (83.3) | 0.914 (0.481-1.736) | 0.784 | 67 (74.4) | 0.946 (0.548-1.631) | 0.842 | 21 (31.3) | 1.089 (0.602-1.973) | 0.776 |
 Never | 982 (83.3) | 1.119 (0.729-1.717) | 0.607 | 855 (72.5) | 0.999 (0.697-1.433) | 0.999 | 266 (31.1) | 1.439 (0.940-2.203) | 0.094 |
Opium consumption | |||||||||
 No | 1172 (82.8) | Ref. |  | 1022 (72.2) | Ref. |  | 326 (32.0) | Ref. |  |
 Yes | 68 (82.9) | 1.117 (0.563-2.215) | 0.751 | 54 (65.9) | 0.693 (0.405-1.186) | 0.181 | 15 (27.8) | 0.896 (0.468-1.715) | 0.741 |
Alcohol consumption | |||||||||
 No | 1160 (83.4) | Ref. |  | 1007 (72.4) | Ref. |  | 314 (31.2) | Ref. |  |
 Yes | 79 (74.5) | 0.608 (0.349-1.058) | 0.079 | 68 (64.2) | 0.762 (0.467-1.244) | 0.278 | 25 (36.8) | 1.346 (0.763-2.376) | 0.305 |
Physical activity | |||||||||
 Low | 341 (87.2) | Ref. |  | 307 (78.5) | Ref. |  | 114 (37.3) | Ref. |  |
 Intermediate | 712 (81.9) | 0.860 (0.587-1.260) | 0.440 | 615 (70.8) | 0.887 (0.654-1.203) | 0.442 | 179 (29.2) | 0.833 (0.599-1.157) | 0.276 |
 High | 181 (79.0) | 0.745 (0.453-1.223) | 0.245 | 151 (65.9) | 0.705 (0.471-1.055) | 0.089 | 47 (31.1) | 0.906 (0.572-1.435) | 0.674 |