Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with inflammation and deregulation of adipokines in patients with metabolic syndrome

Table 3 Multiple linear regression analysis for the association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations with adipokines and inflammatory markers (n = 195)

Model	B	S.E.	β	P-value
Leptin (ng/ml)
Model 1^a	− 0.442	0.121	− 0.254	< 0.001
Model 2^b	− 0.384	0.119	−0.223	0.003
Adiponectin (μg/ml)
Model 1	0.423	0.073	0.387	< 0.001
Model 2	0.432	0.071	0.391	< 0.001
Adiponectin/Leptin ratio
Model 1	0.021	0.003	0.423	< 0.001
Model 2	0.019	0.003	0.432	< 0.001
Visfatin (ng/ml)
Model 1	0.041	0.054	0.055	0.450
Model 2	0.034	0.061	0.041	0.487
Resistin (ng/ml)
Model 1	−0.013	0.005	−0.181	0.011
Model 2	−0.013	0.004	−0.181	0.013
TNF-α (pg/ml)
Model 1	−0.091	0.025	−0.252	< 0.001
Model 2	−0.091	0.022	−0.243	< 0.001
IL-6 (pg/ml)
Model 1	−0.011	0.021	−0.039	0.592
Model 2	−0.013	0.211	−0.051	0.340
IL-10 (pg/ml)
Model 1	0.030	0.051	0.042	0.563
Model 2	0.029	0.041	0.039	0.461

TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 interleukin-6, IL-10 interleukin-10, B unstandardized coefficient, S.E. standard error
P-values of statistical significance (P < 0.05) are indicated in bold
^aModel 1: unadjusted model
^b Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, smoking, physical activity level, BMI, and FSG

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