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Table 2 Serum concentrations of adipokines and inflammatory markers in the participants by the vitamin D statusa

From: Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with inflammation and deregulation of adipokines in patients with metabolic syndrome

Variables

Patients with metabolic syndrome

P-value

vitamin D sufficient (Controls, n = 130)

vitamin D insufficient (Cases, n = 65)

Leptin (ng/ml)

22.9 (18.4, 40.7)

32.6 (22.5, 56.2)

0.002b

Adiponectin (μg/ml)

16.3 (12.3, 25.8)

12.9 (11.1, 17.3)

0.003b

Adiponectin/Leptin ratio

0.72 (0.43, 0.97)

0.48 (0.27, 0.66)

< 0.001b

Visfatin (ng/ml)

16.2 ± 11.2

15.0 ± 8.4

0.587c

Resistin (ng/ml)

5.79 ± 1.01

6.09 ± 0.77

0.037c

TNF-α (pg/ml)

24.7 ± 4.7

27.3 ± 4.5

< 0.001c

IL-6 (pg/ml)

5.00 (4.39, 6.42)

5.28 (4.51, 6.10)

0.539b

IL-10 (pg/ml)

36.4 (30.7, 43.8)

34.7 (29.7, 45.1)

0.518b

  1. TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 interleukin-6, IL-10 interleukin-10
  2. P-values of statistical significance (P < 0.05) are indicated in bold
  3. aData are shown as mean ± standard deviation for variables with normal distribution and as median (IQR) for variables with skewed distribution (i.e., leptin, adiponectin, adiponectin/leptin ratio, IL-6, and IL-10)
  4. bResulted from Mann–Whitney U test
  5. cResulted from Independent samples t-test