Table 4 Characteristics of new users of GLP-1 receptor agonists by study site, 2016-2018
From: Characteristics of new users of recent antidiabetic drugs in Canada and the United Kingdom
AB (n = 4,665) | BC (n = 9,950) | MB (n = 696) | NS (n = 885) | QC (n = 8,817) | SK (n = 1,537) | UK (n = 1,169) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 51.3 ± 11.3 | 54.9 ± 12.3 | 51.9 ± 12.2 | 53.2 ± 10.8 | 62.9 ± 10.2 | 53.2 ± 11.6 | 57.7 ± 10.9 |
< 18 | – | 16 (0.2) | s | s | s | s | 0 (0.0) |
18-35 | 485 (10.4) | 705 (7.1) | 66 (9.5) | 53 (6.0) | 140 (1.6) | 110 (7.2) | s |
36-45 | 989 (21.2) | 1,470 (14.8) | 146 (21.0) | 143 (16.2) | 433 (4.9) | 278 (18.1) | 116 (9.9) |
46-55 | 1,523 (32.7) | 2,700 (27.1) | 200 (28.7) | 299 (33.8) | 1,229 (13.9) | 445 (29.0) | 344 (29.4) |
56-65 | 1,248 (26.8) | 3,008 (30.2) | 182 (26.1) | 284 (32.1) | 3,055 (34.6) | 484 (31.5) | 383 (32.8) |
66-75 | 388 (8.3) | 1,747 (17.6) | 90 (12.9) | 90 (10.2) | 3,329 (37.8) | 194 (12.6) | 249 (21.3) |
76-85 | s | 290 (2.9) | 10 (1.4) | 12 (1.4) | 593 (6.7) | s | 40 (3.4) |
> 85 | s | 14 (0.1) | s | s | s | s | s |
Females | 2,784 (59.7) | 5,656 (56.8) | 450 (64.7) | 531 (60.0) | 4,065 (46.1) | 887 (57.7) | 567 (48.5) |
Income quintile a | |||||||
1st (lowest) | 965 (20.7) | 1,718 (17.3) | 83 (11.9) | 119 (13.5) | 1,365 (15.5) | 251 (16.3) | 363 (31.1) |
2nd | 1,048 (22.5) | – | 126 (18.1) | 168 (19.0) | – | 291 (18.9) | 226 (19.3) |
3rd | 841 (18.0) | – | 165 (23.7) | 153 (17.3) | – | 362 (23.6) | 254 (21.7) |
4th | 868 (18.6) | – | 156 (22.4) | 148 (16.7) | – | 359 (23.4) | 186 (15.9) |
5th (highest) | 764 (16.4) | – | 166 (23.9) | 141 (15.9) | – | 266 (17.3) | 140 (12.0) |
Missing | 179 (3.8) | – | 0 (0.0) | 156 (17.6) | – | 8 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Calendar year at cohort entry | |||||||
2016 | 3,678 (78.8) | 3,622 (36.4) | 292 (42.0) | – | 2,493 (28.3) | 764 (49.7) | 631 (54.0) |
2017 | 987 (21.2) | 3,993 (40.1) | 311 (44.7) | 196 (22.2) | 3,660 (41.5) | 467 (30.4) | 538 (46.0) |
2018 | 0 (0.0) | 2,335 (23.5) | 93 (13.4) | 689 (77.9) | 2,664 (30.2) | 306 (19.9) | 0 (0.0) |
Follow-up time (days) | 223 ± 132 | 422 ± 263 | 390 ± 228 | 106 ± 73.4 | 373 ± 255 | 513 ± 303 | 309 ± 205 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 7.1 ± 6.5 | 9.6 ± 8.0 | 9.2 ± 8.2 | 8.7 ± 6.9 | 13.7 ± 6.1 | 9.1 ± 7.5 | 11.9 ± 6.9 |
< 1 year | 1,239 (26.6) | 2,211 (22.2) | 156 (22.4) | 168 (19.0) | 101 (1.1) | 293 (19.1) | 30 (2.6) |
1-4.9 years | 881 (18.9) | 1,392 (14.0) | 128 (18.4) | 164 (18.5) | 766 (8.7) | 261 (17.0) | 160 (13.7) |
5-10 years | 1,084 (23.2) | 1,836 (18.5) | 104 (14.9) | 183 (20.7) | 1,659 (18.8) | 322 (21.0) | 321 (27.5) |
> 10 years | 1,461 (31.3) | 4,511 (45.3) | 308 (44.3) | 370 (41.8) | 6,291 (71.4) | 661 (43.0) | 658 (56.3) |
Use of medications ‡ | |||||||
No. of antidiabetic drugs | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 1.6 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 1.5 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 2.3 ± 1.1 |
0 | 1,420 (30.4) | 2,917 (29.3) | 158 (22.7) | 175 (19.8) | 201 (2.3) | 302 (19.7) | 83 (7.1) |
1 | 963 (20.6) | 1,966 (19.8) | 126 (18.1) | 200 (22.6) | 341 (3.9) | 244 (15.9) | 153 (13.1) |
2 | 994 (21.3) | 2,167 (21.8) | 147 (21.1) | 249 (28.1) | 1,129 (12.8) | 307 (20.0) | 356 (30.5) |
≥ 3 | 1,288 (27.6) | 2,900 (29.1) | 265 (38.1) | 261 (29.5) | 7,146 (81.0) | 684 (44.5) | 577 (49.4) |
Prior antidiabetic drugs | |||||||
Metformin | 2,856 (61.2) | 6,023 (60.5) | 463 (66.5) | 612 (69.2) | 7,995 (90.7) | 996 (64.8) | 972 (83.1) |
Sulfonylureas | 887 (19.0) | 2,689 (27.0) | 250 (35.9) | 256 (28.9) | 5,038 (57.1) | 401 (26.1) | 528 (45.2) |
Thiazolidinediones | 125 (2.7) | 130 (1.3) | 25 (3.6) | 7 (0.8) | 134 (1.5) | 21 (1.4) | 97 (8.3) |
SGLT2 inhibitors | 936 (20.1) | 2,778 (27.9) | 225 (32.3) | 180 (20.3) | 3,052 (34.6) | 529 (34.4) | 330 (28.2) |
DPP-4 inhibitors | 1,102 (23.6) | 2,129 (21.4) | 156 (22.4) | 204 (23.1) | 7,465 (84.7) | 331 (21.5) | 459 (39.3) |
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | 11 (0.2) | 63 (0.6) | 9 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 111 (1.3) | s | 0 (0.0) |
Meglitinides | 231 (5.0) | 51 (0.5) | 15 (2.2) | s | 341 (3.9) | 45 (2.9) | s |
Insulin | 1,244 (26.7) | 2,451 (24.6) | 215 (30.9) | 284 (32.1) | 4,079 (46.3) | 581 (37.8) | 343 (29.3) |
Current antidiabetic drugs | |||||||
Metformin | 719 (15.4) | 1,391 (14.0) | 94 (13.5) | 116 (13.1) | 3,220 (36.5) | 227 (14.8) | 219 (18.7) |
Sulfonylureas | 133 (2.9) | 438 (4.4) | 41 (5.9) | 19 (2.2) | 1,380 (15.7) | 64 (4.2) | 96 (8.2) |
Thiazolidinediones | 18 (0.4) | 21 (0.2) | s | 0 (0.0) | 18 (0.2) | s | 12 (1.0) |
SGLT2 inhibitors | 276 (5.9) | 654 (6.6) | 41 (5.9) | 24 (2.7) | 953 (10.8) | 129 (8.4) | 56 (4.8) |
DPP-4 inhibitors | 95 (2.0) | 176 (1.8) | 8 (1.1) | 12 (1.4) | 346 (3.9) | 39 (2.5) | 28 (2.4) |
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors | 0 (0.0) | 7 (0.1) | s | 0 (0.0) | 24 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | s |
Meglitinides | 28 (0.6) | s | s | 0 (0.0) | 77 (0.9) | 8 (0.5) | s |
Insulin | 318 (6.8) | 623 (6.3) | 40 (5.7) | 66 (7.5) | 1,207 (13.7) | 168 (10.9) | 103 (8.8) |
No. of non-antidiabetic drugsc | 7.6 ± 4.7 | 8.0 ± 4.8 | 8.1 ± 5.2 | 8.0 ± 5.0 | 10.7 ± 5.4 | 3.4 ± 2.1 | 13.7 ± 7.9 |
0-1 | 238 (5.1) | 930 (9.3) | 29 (4.2) | 39 (4.4) | 116 (1.3) | 322 (21.0) | 13 (1.1) |
2-5 | 1,540 (33.0) | 2,960 (29.7) | 208 (29.9) | 255 (28.8) | 1,249 (14.2) | 965 (62.8) | 135 (11.5) |
≥ 6 | 2,887 (61.9) | 6,060 (60.9) | 459 (65.9) | 591 (66.8) | 7,452 (84.5) | 250 (16.3) | 1,021 (87.3) |
Health care use b | |||||||
Inpatient hospitalizations | |||||||
0 | 4,255 (91.2) | 7,865 (79.0) | 631 (90.7) | 821 (92.8) | 7,009 (79.5) | 1,187 (77.2) | 824 (70.5) |
1-2 | 385 (8.3) | 1,900 (19.1) | 65 (9.3) | s | 1,634 (18.5) | 318 (20.7) | 280 (24.0) |
≥ 3 | 25 (0.5) | 185 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | s | 174 (2.0) | 32 (2.1) | 65 (5.6) |
Physician visits | |||||||
0 | 20 (0.4) | 726 (7.3) | 8 (1.1) | s | 337 (3.8) | 21 (1.4) | 156 (13.3) |
1-2 | 100 (2.1) | 242 (2.4) | 18 (2.6) | s | 455 (5.2) | 29 (1.9) | 195 (16.7) |
≥ 3 | 4,545 (97.4) | 8,982 (90.3) | 670 (96.3) | 869 (98.2) | 8,025 (91.0) | 1,487 (96.8) | 818 (70.0) |