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Table 3 Characteristics of new users of SGLT-2 inhibitors by study site, 2016-2018

From: Characteristics of new users of recent antidiabetic drugs in Canada and the United Kingdom

 

AB

(n = 15,535)

BC

(n = 28,856)

MB

(n = 7,515)

NS

(n = 1,330)

ON

(n = 56,389)

QC

(n = 42,805)

SK

(n = 10,799)

UK

(n = 3,493)

Age (years)

57.4 ± 11.3

59.5 ± 11.4

57.4 ± 11.8

57.7 ± 10.5

72.1 ± 5.3

63.7 ± 10.1

57.5 ± 11.9

58.2 ± 10.6

 < 18

12 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

s

6 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

 18-35

566 (3.6)

721 (2.5)

300 (4.0)

s

525 (1.2)

430 (4.0)

70 (2.0)

 36-45

1,956 (12.6)

2,603 (9.0)

886 (11.8)

128 (9.6)

1,868 (4.4)

1,283 (11.9)

325 (9.3)

 46-55

4,221 (27.2)

6,634 (23.0)

1,923 (25.6)

367 (27.6)

5,831 (13.6)

2,721 (25.2)

992 (28.4)

 56-65

5,170 (33.3)

9,699 (33.6)

2,470 (32.9)

514 (38.7)

13,986 (32.7)

3,648 (33.8)

1,191 (34.1)

 66-75

3,012 (19.4)

7,228 (25.0)

1,561 (20.8)

236 (17.7)

43,276 (76.7)

16,710 (39.0)

2,107 (19.5)

763 (21.8)

 76-85

549 (3.5)

1,807 (6.3)

344 (4.6)

47 (3.5)

11,871 (21.1)

3,635 (8.5)

537 (5.0)

142 (4.1)

 > 85

61 (0.4)

152 (0.5)

31 (0.4)

s

1,242 (2.2)

s

67 (0.6)

10 (0.3)

Females

6,241 (40.2)

11,369 (39.4)

3,308 (44.0)

533 (40.1)

22,964 (40.7)

17,427 (40.7)

4,504 (41.7)

1,466 (42.0)

Income quintile a

 1st (lowest)

3,802 (24.5)

7,075 (24.5)

1,598 (21.3)

204 (15.3)

12,662 (22.5)

5,605 (13.1)

2,256 (20.9)

1,232 (35.3)

 2nd

3,398 (21.9)

1,630 (21.7)

238 (17.9)

12,467 (22.1)

2,045 (18.9)

506 (14.5)

 3rd

2,764 (17.8)

1,517 (20.2)

227 (17.1)

11,681 (20.7)

2,420 (22.4)

667 (19.1)

 4th

2,668 (17.2)

1,468 (19.5)

259 (19.5)

10,310 (18.3)

2,189 (20.3)

579 (16.6)

 5th (highest)

2,288 (14.7)

1,271 (16.9)

215 (16.2)

9,169 (16.3)

1,847 (17.1)

509 (14.6)

 Missing

615 (4.0)

31 (0.4)

187 (14.1)

100 (0.2)

42 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

Calendar year at cohort entry

 2016

12,359 (79.6)

14,718 (51.0)

3,904 (51.9)

22,512 (39.9)

13,077 (30.6)

6,619 (61.3)

1,859 (53.2)

 2017

3,176 (20.4)

9,155 (31.7)

2,829 (37.6)

295 (22.2)

27,819 (49.3)

20,109 (47.0)

2,552 (23.6)

1,634 (46.8)

 2018

0 (0.0)

4,983 (17.3)

782 (10.4)

1,035 (77.8)

6,058 (10.7)

9,619 (22.5)

1,628 (15.1)

0 (0.0)

Follow-up time (days)

224 ± 132

509 ± 279

439 ± 244

111 ± 117

386 ± 219

409 ± 242

589 ± 304

325 ± 204

Diabetes duration (years)

9.7 ± 6.2

11.3 ± 7.3

11.6 ± 7.6

10.0 ± 6.3

14.6 ± 6.8

12.7 ± 6.2

10.7 ± 7.0

10.6 ± 6.7

 < 1 year

1,031 (6.6)

2,743 (9.5)

408 (5.4)

98 (7.4)

1,379 (2.4)

1,085 (2.5)

694 (6.4)

120 (3.4)

 1-4.9 years

3,176 (20.4)

3,855 (13.4)

1,249 (16.6)

260 (19.6)

4,021 (7.1)

4,572 (10.7)

1,984 (18.4)

595 (17.0)

 5-10 years

4,267 (27.5)

6,582 (22.8)

1,821 (24.2)

337 (25.3)

9,306 (16.5)

9,027 (21.1)

2,813 (26.1)

1,049 (30.0)

 > 10 years

7,061 (45.5)

15,676 (54.3)

4,037 (53.7)

635 (47.7)

41,683 (73.9)

28,121 (65.7)

5,308 (49.2)

1,729 (49.5)

Use of medications

 No. of antidiabetic drugs

2.1 ± 1.1

1.8 ± 1.1

2.1 ± 0.9

2.0 ± 1.0

2.2 ± 1.0

2.5 ± 1.0

2.4 ± 1.1

2.1 ± 1.0

      0

973 (6.3)

3,629 (12.6)

313 (4.2)

94 (7.1)

2,453 (4.4)

1,855 (4.3)

344 (3.2)

156 (4.5)

      1

3,668 (23.6)

7,501 (26.0)

1,484 (19.7)

380 (28.6)

9,853 (17.5)

3,486 (8.1)

1,388 (12.9)

812 (23.2)

      2

5,761 (37.1)

10,240 (35.5)

3,337 (44.4)

532 (40.0)

20,050 (35.6)

12,796 (29.9)

4,166 (38.6)

1,300 (37.2)

      ≥ 3

5,133 (33.0)

7,486 (25.9)

2,381 (31.7)

324 (24.4)

24,033 (42.6)

24,668 (57.6)

4,901 (45.4)

1,225 (35.1)

 Prior antidiabetic drugs

  Metformin

13,229 (85.2)

22,986 (79.7)

6,610 (88.0)

1,091 (82.0)

47,869 (84.9)

37,555 (87.7)

9,338 (86.5)

3,115 (89.2)

  Sulfonylureas

5,713 (36.8)

12,257 (42.5)

4,857 (64.6)

554 (41.7)

26,044 (46.2)

26,674 (62.3)

5,960 (55.2)

1,542 (44.1)

  Thiazolidinediones

613 (4.0)

443 (1.5)

246 (3.3)

13 (1.0)

366 (0.6)

818 (1.9)

310 (2.9)

281 (8.0)

  DPP-4 inhibitors

5,428 (34.9)

7,818 (27.1)

2,024 (26.9)

341 (25.6)

36,007 (63.9)

27,847 (65.1)

3,049 (28.2)

1,291 (37.0)

  GLP-1 receptor agonists§

1,253 (8.1)

2,094 (7.3)

136 (1.8)

136 (10.2)

0 (0.0)

2,780 (6.5)

278 (2.6)

438 (12.5)

  Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

80 (0.5)

298 (1.0)

130 (1.7)

s

997 (1.8)

543 (1.3)

58 (0.5)

11 (0.3)

  Meglitinides

1,215 (7.8)

170 (0.6)

120 (1.6)

s

49 (0.1)

1,194 (2.8)

417 (3.9)

9 (0.3)

  Insulin

4,442 (28.6)

5,772 (20.0)

1,650 (22.0)

322 (24.2)

15,136 (26.8)

11,439 (26.7)

3,549 (32.9)

578 (16.5)

 Current antidiabetic drugs

  Metformin

5,233 (33.7)

8,762 (30.4)

1,878 (25.0)

326 (24.5)

14,350 (25.4)

18,812 (43.9)

3,229 (29.9)

780 (22.3)

  Sulfonylureas

1,201 (7.7)

3,265 (11.3)

1,279 (17.0)

103 (7.7)

5,519 (9.8)

10,274 (24.0)

1,494 (13.8)

279 (8.0)

  Thiazolidinediones

146 (0.9)

89 (0.3)

37 (0.5)

s

48 (0.1)

215 (0.5)

41 (0.4)

34 (1.0)

  DPP-4 inhibitors

1,858 (12.0)

2,503 (8.7)

499 (6.6)

82 (6.2)

10,798 (19.1)

13,221 (30.9)

983 (9.1)

184 (5.3)

  GLP-1 receptor agonists

335 (2.2)

512 (1.8)

27 (0.4)

28 (2.1)

0 (0.0)

737 (1.7)

70 (0.7)

89 (2.5)

  Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

17 (0.1)

58 (0.2)

31 (0.4)

s

221 (0.4)

180 (0.4)

14 (0.1)

s

  Meglitinides

224 (1.4)

35 (0.1)

14 (0.2)

0 (0.0)

s

376 (0.9)

98 (0.9)

s

  Insulin

1,073 (6.9)

1,366 (4.7)

314 (4.2)

68 (5.1)

2,526 (4.5)

3,142 (7.3)

1,003 (9.3)

148 (4.2)

 No. of non-antidiabetic drugsc

7.0 ± 4.5

7.1 ± 4.4

7.3 ± 4.9

8.0 ± 5.0

8.7 ± 5.0

9.0 ± 4.8

3.6 ± 2.0

11.3 ± 7.4

  0-1

954 (6.1)

2,789 (9.7)

446 (5.9)

60 (4.5)

927 (1.6)

837 (2.0)

1,504 (13.9)

96 (2.7)

  2-5

5,768 (37.1)

10,040 (34.8)

2,735 (36.4)

451 (33.9)

15,519 (27.5)

9,840 (23.0)

7,434 (68.8)

673 (19.3)

  ≥ 6

8,813 (56.7)

16,027 (55.5)

4,334 (57.7)

819 (61.6)

39,943 (70.8)

32,128 (75.1)

1,861 (17.2)

2,724 (78.0)

Health care use b

 Inpatient hospitalizations

  0

14,038 (90.4)

23,048 (79.9)

6,831 (90.9)

1,179 (88.7)

49,967 (88.6)

35,390 (82.7)

8,088 (74.9)

2,645 (75.7)

  1-2

1,419 (9.1)

5,339 (18.5)

654 (8.7)

144 (10.8)

6,049 (10.7)

6,905 (16.1)

2,466 (22.8)

737 (21.1)

  ≥3

78 (0.5)

469 (1.6)

30 (0.4)

7 (0.5)

373 (0.7)

510 (1.2)

245 (2.3)

111 (3.2)

 Physician visits

  0

59 (0.4)

1,641 (5.7)

96 (1.3)

8 (0.6)

615 (1.1)

2,494 (5.8)

80 (0.7)

534 (15.3)

  1-2

363 (2.3)

864 (3.0)

394 (5.2)

38 (2.9)

3,282 (5.8)

3,202 (7.5)

131 (1.2)

646 (18.5)

  ≥ 3

15,113 (97.3)

26,351 (91.3)

7,025 (93.5)

1,284 (96.5)

52,492 (93.1)

37,109 (86.7)

10,588 (98.1)

2,313 (66.2)

  1. Abbreviations: AB Alberta, BC British Columbia, CPRD Clinical Practice Research Datalink, DPP-4 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4, GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1, MB Manitoba, NS Nova Scotia, ON Ontario, QC Quebec, SD Standard deviation, SGLT-2 Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2, SK Saskatchewan, UK United Kingdom
  2. aIncome quintile defined as low income households in BC and recipients of last-resort financial assistance in QC.
  3. bUnless otherwise specified, medication use and healthcare use were assessed in the year prior to study cohort entry.
  4. cMeasured by drug class using site-specific approaches and assessed in the 365 days prior to and including study cohort entry.
  5. *Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD. Values suppressed due to privacy restrictions are presented as s