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Table 2 Proportion of individuals with diabetes using each of the fourteen coping strategies

From: Coping strategies and their association with diabetes specific distress, depression and diabetes self-care among people living with diabetes in Zambia

Coping strategy

 

Type of Diabetes

Age Category

Sex

All types

Type 1

Type 2

Adolescents

Adults

Males

Females

Adaptive coping strategies

 Active coping

84(56%)

47(53%)

34(62%)

15(38%)

69(63%)

43(61%)

40(52%)

 Emotional use

70(46%)

36(40%)

31(53%)

16(41%)

54(48%)

40(53%)

30(39%)

 Instrumental use

87(57%)

47(52%)

36(63%)

20(50%)

67(60%)

40(53%)

47(62%)

 Positive reframing

52(34%)

28(32%)

21(36%)

7(18%)

45(40%)

29(38%)

13(31%)

 Planning

69(47%)

36(42%)

30(53%)

10(29%)

59(52%)

38(69%)

30(40%)

 Acceptance

85(58%)

50(59%)

41(56%)

23(64%)

62(56%)

43(60%)

41(56%)

 Religion

101(66%)

56(62%)

41(71%)

21(53%)

80(70%)

49(64%)

51(66%)

Maladaptive coping strategies

 Self-blame

12(8%)

9 (10%)

6(10%)

6(11%)

6(5%)

3(4%)

8(10%)

 Self-distraction

49(33%)

28(32%)

21(37%)

12(31%)

37(34%)

23(31%)

26(34%)

 Denial

27(18%)

13(14%)

13(22%)

5(12%)

22(19%)

12(16%)

5(19%)

 Substance use

5(3%)

3(3%)

2(3%)

2(5%)

3((3%)

4(5%)

1(1%)

 Behavioural disengagement

27(18%)

16(18%)

11(20%)

5(13%)

22(20%)

17(24%)

10(13%)

 Venting

27(19%)

19(22%)

8(15%)

11(28%)

16(15%)

9(13%)

18(25%)

 Humour

14(10%)

8(9%)

6(11%)

6(15%)

8(8%)

3(4%)

11(15%)

  1. Proportion ≥ 50% were considered common coping strategies among diabetes individuals