Metabolic signatures of insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals

Arjmand, Babak; Ebrahimi Fana, Saeed; Ghasemi, Erfan; Kazemi, Ameneh; Ghodssi-Ghassemabadi, Robabeh; Dehghanbanadaki, Hojat; Najjar, Niloufar; Kakaii, Ardeshir; Forouzanfar, Katayoon; Nasli-Esfahani, Ensieh; Farzadfar, Farshad; Larijani, Bagher; Razi, Farideh

doi:10.1186/s12902-022-01130-3

BMC Endocrine Disorders

Table 3 Associations between metabolites and HOMA-IR level with and without adjustment for age, sex, and BMI

From: Metabolic signatures of insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals

Acylcarnitines	OR^a (95% CI)	P value^b	P value^c	Amino acids	OR^a (95% CI)	P value^b	P value^c
C0	1.287 (1.051—1.576)	0.044	0.013	Alanine	2.149 (1.70—2.73)	< 0.001	< 0.001
C2	0.924 (0.754—1.13)	0.569	0.774	Aspartic Acid	1.035 (0.85—1.26)	0.831	0.7662
C3	1.18 (0.966—1.45)	0.226	0.142	Glutamic Acid	1.163 (0.933—1.50)	0.320	0.3545
C3DC	0.849 (0.691—1.04)	0.236	0.838	Leucine	1.75 (1.41—2.17)	< 0.000	< 0.000
C4	1.14 (0.934—1.40)	0.333	0.380	Methionine	1.312 (1.07—1.61)	0.030	0.089
C4OH	0.892 (0.729—1.09)	0.398	0.431	Phenylalanine	1.452 (1.18—1.79)	< 0.000	< 0.000
C4DC	1.03 (0.843—1.25)	0.891	0.963	Tyrosine	2.21 (1.74—2.81)	< 0.000	< 0.000
C5	1.18 (0.963—1.43)	0.235	0.153	Valine	1.96 (1.56—2.45)	< 0.000	< 0.000
C5_1	1.07 (0.879—1.30)	0.629	0.537	Arginine	1.103 (0.905—1.35)	0.463	0.536
C5OH	0.999 (0.82—1.22)	0.989	0.774	Citrulline	0.721 (0.585—0.888)	0.013	0.766
C5DC	0.752 (0.61—0.928)	0.029	0.413	Glycine	0.844 (0.689—1.03)	0.226	0.146
C6	1.01 (0.831—1.23)	0.933	0.983	Ornithine	0.916 (0.751—1.12)	0.511	0.983
C8	0.983 (0.806—1.20)	0.908	0.983	Proline	1.243 (1.01—1.52)	0.090	0.153
C8:1	1.09 (0.899—1.33)	0.499	0.983	Threonine	1.064 (0.874—1.30)	0.652	0.983
C10	0.957 (0.783—1.17)	0.780	0.988	Serine	0.747 (0.605—0.922)	0.029	0.1400
C10:1	0.956 (0.779—1.18)	0.780	0.988	Histidine	1.179 (0.966—1.44)	0.226	0.192
C12	0.887 (0.725—1.09)	0.394	0.811	Lysine	0.984 (0.808—1.20)	0.908	0.766
C14	0.744 (0.599—0.923)	0.029	0.267	Tryptophan	1.555 (1.26—1.93)	< 0.000	< 0.000
C14:1	0.782 (0.635—0.965)	0.061	0.142	Asparagine	0.777 (0.63 – 1.00)	0.056	0.267
C14:2	0.854 (0.694—1.05)	0.252	0.413	Glutamine	0.897 (0.735—1.10)	0.416	0.983
C14OH	0.795 (0.647—0.979)	0.079	0.463
C16	0.906 (0.742—1.11)	0.463	0.7662
C16OH	0.858 (0.701—1.05)	0.252	0.983
C16:1OH	0.727 (0.586—0.902)	0.022	0.267
C16:1	0.871 (0.699—1.09)	0.362	0.413
C18	0.717 (0.578—0.889)	0.013	0.146
C18:1	0.743 (0.596—0.926)	0.029	0.013
C18OH	0.89 (0.729—1.09)	0.398	0.988
C18:1OH	0.753 (0.611—0.928)	0.029	0.153
C18:2OH	0.98 (0.803—1.20)	0.908	0.983

All p values are adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate
^aOR is measured per SD as data were transformed into Z-scores after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI
^bUn-adjusted p-value
^cP value is adjusted for age, sex, and BMI

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