Table 1 Weighted characteristics of the study population based on serum uric acid quartiles

Age (years)

45.36 ± 20.93

41.23 ± 18.45

42.47 ± 19.01

46.80 ± 19.36

47.90 ± 19.46

< 0.0001

Gender (%)

< 0.0001

 Male

48.49

15.15

38.97

61.43

77.24

 Female

51.51

84.85

61.03

38.57

22.76

Race/ethnicity (%)

0.0151

 Mexican American

14.62

11.72

9.37

9.22

9.15

 Other Hispanic

9.12

7.68

7.23

6.89

6.25

 Non-Hispanic White

34.41

60.39

61.92

64.54

60.03

 Non-Hispanic Black

22.28

11.11

10.66

9.23

12.49

 Other races

19.57

9.09

10.81

10.12

12.07

Alcohol consumption (%)

0.0004

  < 12 drinks daily

55.1

61.77

66.20

64.50

67.96

  > = 12 drinks daily

0.96

0.65

0.78

1.07

1.71

 Unknown

43.93

37.58

33.02

34.43

30.33

Smoking behavior (%)

< 0.0001

 Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life

35.36

31.27

36.84

41.41

41.77

 Smoked less than 100 cigarettes in life

51.89

56.86

53.67

50.57

53.20

 Unknown

12.76

11.87

9.49

8.02

5.04

Education level (%)

< 0.0001

 Less than high school

16.39

9.98

9.57

9.35

10.73

 High school

19.78

20.07

23.77

27.02

25.04

 More than high school

46.94

55.17

53.80

53.03

56.35

 Unknown

16.89

14.78

12.86

10.60

7.89

Marital status (%)

< 0.0001

 Live with a partner

49.32

56.78

52.46

55.98

57.93

 Live alone

33.86

28.44

34.82

33.50

34.16

 Unknown

16.82

14.78

12.72

10.52

7.91

Ratio of family income to poverty

2.49 ± 1.50

2.92 ± 1.56

2.96 ± 1.57

2.99 ± 1.58

3.00 ± 1.58

0.5494

Energy (kcal/day)

2104.84 ± 989.21

2030.98 ± 852.99

2132.82 ± 932.57

2218.70 ± 1025.26

2311.58 ± 1079.23

< 0.0001

Dietary carbohydrate (g/day)

251.482 ± 124.763

241.356 ± 112.176

247.346 ± 119.203

257.552 ± 130.022

259.538 ± 135.375

0.00017

Dietary total sugars (g/day)

109.204 ± 76.448

106.527 ± 69.271

107.022 ± 68.857

111.079 ± 82.457

112.281 ± 84.127

0.10547

Dietary protein (g/day)

81.865 ± 41.721

76.144 ± 38.570

79.999 ± 40.328

83.847 ± 42.230

87.346 ± 44.668

< 0.0001

Dietary total fat (g/day)

88.808 ± 48.124

83.070 ± 42.867

87.819 ± 45.869

89.997 ± 48.489

94.125 ± 53.912

< 0.0001

Dietary cholesterol (mg/day)

305.893 ± 234.990

275.258 ± 210.860

304.657 ± 239.832

301.944 ± 221.416

340.119 ± 258.753

< 0.0001

Dietary fiber (g/day)

16.477 ± 10.053

16.010 ± 9.437

16.642 ± 10.569

16.941 ± 10.225

16.264 ± 9.822

0.07097

Minutes sedentary activity (minutes)

377.44 ± 659.37

385.09 ± 658.06

379.14 ± 550.71

444.36 ± 971.51

376.10 ± 330.59

0.0168

Body mass index (kg/m²)

29.04 ± 7.53

26.30 ± 6.26

28.47 ± 7.32

30.02 ± 7.08

31.97 ± 7.52

< 0.0001

Glycohemoglobin (%)

5.77 ± 1.04

5.59 ± 1.07

5.60 ± 0.80

5.63 ± 0.80

5.72 ± 0.88

0.0003

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)

111.95 ± 24.57

109.85 ± 23.51

109.81 ± 22.26

110.80 ± 18.83

111.36 ± 20.10

0.1372

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

182.92 ± 41.30

182.27 ± 39.59

184.71 ± 40.85

184.79 ± 40.03

189.83 ± 42.25

< 0.0001

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

107.78 ± 68.47

97.85 ± 38.49

104.11 ± 49.36

108.04 ± 58.99

121.90 ± 96.51

< 0.0001

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)

53.04 ± 15.06

58.72 ± 14.56

55.31 ± 15.13

50.89 ± 14.10

48.81 ± 14.11

< 0.0001

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)

106.95 ± 24.47

106.05 ± 22.34

107.72 ± 23.53

107.66 ± 24.95

109.14 ± 25.61

0.0098

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

123.41 ± 18.22

117.80 ± 17.07

120.00 ± 16.00

123.52 ± 15.84

124.90 ± 16.25

< 0.0001

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

70.18 ± 13.17

69.27 ± 11.58

69.82 ± 13.06

71.40 ± 12.14

72.57 ± 12.08

< 0.0001