The association of vitamin D binding protein levels and genotypes with type 1 diabetes in the black South African population

Table 3 Comparison of clinical characteristics according to the rs4588 genotypes in the total cohort

Variable	CC (n = 268)	CA (n = 45)	p-value
Age at diagnosis (years)g	18.0 ± 7.25^b	18.7 ± 5.13	0.596
Duration of disease (years)g	5.00 [2.00; 11.0]^b	8.00 [3.00; 13.0]	0.344
Sex
Males, % (n)	48.1 (129)	51.1 (23)
Females, % (n)	51.9 (139)	48.9 (22)	0.712
Glucose (mmol/L)	6.70 [4.90; 9.50]^c	6.50 [4.70; 10.8]^b	0.866
HbA1c (%)g	10.7 ± 3.42^d	10.3 ± 2.77^e	0.520
BMI (kg/m²)	26.0 ± 6.11^f	27.0 ± 5.97^b	0.323
VDBP concentration (mg/mL)	0.42 ± 0.17^e	0.37 ± 0.16^b	0.038

Results are presented as median values [lower quartile; upper quartile] for skewed data and as mean ± standard deviation for non-skewed data and % (n) for categorical variables; Missing data: ^a9, ^b1, ^c17, ^d10, ^e2, ^f5; ^gcalculated in participants with T1D only

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