Table 1 Clinical and phenotypic characteristics of the study participants

Age (years)

26.4 ± 8.62

29.1 ± 9.45^a

0.007

Age at diagnosis (year)

18.2 ± 6.92^b

-

-

Duration of disease (years)

6.00 [2.00; 11.0]^b

-

-

Sex

  Males, % (n)

50.9 (86)

44.2 (73)

0.224

  Females, % (n)

49.1 (83)

55.8 (92)

Glucose (mmol/L)

9.20 [5.75; 15.0]^c

5.60 [4.65; 7.50]^d

< 0.001

HbA1c (%)

10.7 ± 3.30^c

-

-

BMI (kg/m²)

24.8 ± 5.89^e

27.8 ± 6.01^f

< 0.001

VDBP concentration (mg/mL)

0.43 ± 0.19^e

0.41 ± 0.15^b

0.356