Table 1 The characteristics of the participants selected
|  | Male (N = 1245) | Female (N = 1636) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic Data | |||
Age (Years) | 49.344 ± 5.717 | 49.016 ± 5.681 | 0.12498 |
Race (%) | |||
 Mexican American | 7.783 | 7.115 | 0.64412 |
 Other Hispanic | 3.908 | 5.041 | |
 Non-Hispanic White | 66.650 | 66.031 | |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 13.719 | 13.926 | |
Other Race | 7.941 | 7.887 | |
Poverty ratio | 3.149 ± 1.723 | 2.858 ± 1.697 | 0.00001 |
Education level (%) | |||
  < ninth grade | 3.789 | 3.302 | < 0.00001 |
 ninth - eleven grade | 10.476 | 10.935 | |
 High school | 23.181 | 21.038 | |
 Some college | 25.322 | 38.829 | |
 College graduate | 37.232 | 25.897 | |
Personal habits | |||
Physical activity (%) | |||
 Yes | 33.920 | 27.527 | 0.00021 |
 No | 66.080 | 72.473 | |
Smoke (%) | |||
 Yes | 47.632 | 46.321 | 0.48372 |
 No | 52.368 | 53.679 | |
Alcohol use days per year | 2.826 ± 2.134 | 2.197 ± 2.096 | < 0.00001 |
Comorbidities | |||
Osteoporosis (%) | |||
 Yes | 0.210 | 12.223 | < 0.00001 |
 No | 99.790 | 87.777 | |
High blood pressure (%) | |||
 Yes | 43.423 | 48.587 | 0.00579 |
 No | 56.577 | 51.413 | |
Diabetes (%) | |||
 Yes | 21.900 | 15.749 | 0.00003 |
 No | 78.100 | 84.251 | |
Body examination data | |||
 Height (cm) | 176.766 ± 7.022 | 162.282 ± 6.906 | < 0.00001 |
 Weight (kg) | 92.645 ± 20.987 | 80.028 ± 21.643 | < 0.00001 |
 BMI (kg/m2) | 29.548 ± 6.049 | 30.285 ± 7.657 | 0.00513 |
 Android fat mass (kg) | 2.843 ± 1.364 | 2.849 ± 1.466 | 0.91001 |
 Gynoid fat mass (kg) | 4.204 ± 1.607 | 5.580 ± 2.029 | < 0.00001 |
 Android to Gynoid ratio | 1.145 ± 0.185 | 0.927 ± 0.177 | < 0.00001 |
 Total femur BMD (g/cm2) | 1.008 ± 0.146 | 0.949 ± 0.154 | < 0.00001 |
 Femoral neck BMD (g/cm2) | 0.826 ± 0.140 | 0.795 ± 0.146 | < 0.00001 |
 Total spine BMD (g/cm2) | 1.049 ± 0.162 | 1.036 ± 0.157 | 0.03418 |