parameters | DKD Group (n = 118) | NDKD Group (n = 112) | MIX Group (n = 14) | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male, n(%) | 71.00 (60.17) | 69.00 (61.61) | 8.00 (57.14) | 0.939 |
Age, years, n(%) | 54.50 (48.00, 61.00) | 54.50 (42.25, 62.00) | 61.50 (50.25, 65.00) | 0.251 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.06 ± 3.41 | 25.59 ± 4.55 | 24.53 ± 2.40 | 0.383 |
Tobacco smoking, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.471 |
 Yes | 47.00 (39.83) | 37.00 (31.04) | 4.00 (28.57) |  |
 No | 71.00 (60.17) | 75.00 (66.96) | 10.00 (71.43) |  |
Alcohol drinking, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.575 |
 Yes | 38.00 (32.20) | 29.00 (25.89) | 4.00 (28.57) |  |
 No | 80.00 (67.80) | 83.00 (74.11) | 10.00 (71.43) |  |
Diabetes duration, years, n(%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
  < 5 | 28.00 (23.73) | 74.00 (66.07) | 3.00 (21.43) |  |
  ≥ 5 | 90.00 (76.27) | 39.00 (34.83) | 11.00 (78.57) |  |
DR, n(%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 67.00 (56.78) | 23.00 (20.54) | 6.00 (42.86) |  |
 No | 51.00 (43.22) | 89.00 (79.46) | 8.00 (57.14) |  |
Hypertension, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.008 |
 Yes | 87.00 (73.73) | 62.00 (55.36) | 11.00 (78.57) |  |
 No | 31.00 (26.27) | 50.00 (44.64) | 3.00 (21.43) |  |
Hypertension duration, years, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.729 |
  < 5 | 90.00 (76.27) | 90.00 (80.36) | 10.00 (71.43) |  |
  ≥ 5 | 28.00 (23.73) | 22.00 (19.64) | 4.00 (28.57) |  |
dyslipidemia | Â | Â | Â | 0.300 |
 Yes | 102.00 (86.44) | 101.00 (90.18) | 11.00 (78.57) |  |
 No | 16.00 (13.56) | 11.00 (9.82) | 3.00 (21.43) |  |
Serum calcium, mg/dL | 2.07 (1.97, 2.19) | 2.15 (1.99, 2.28) | 2.06 (1.97, 2.18) | 0.048 |
BUN, mmol/L | 9.45 (6.80, 12.98) | 8.10 (5.62, 12.21) | 10.45 (7.88, 19.79) | 0.078 |
Cr, μmol/L | 157.85 (112.03, 241.31) | 128.86 (78.55, 240.98) | 202.52 (169.32, 309.77) | 0.006 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 37.98 (20.92, 58.49) | 52.86 (21.81, 78.98) | 23.56 (15.70,32.25) | 0.003 |
Uric acid, μmol/L | 391.85 (320.85, 456.88) | 421.30 (336.50, 510.13) | 376.90 (358.90, 445.28) | 0.134 |
RBG, mmol/L | 9.50 (7.06, 12.68) | 7.62 (5.93, 10.82) | 11.05 (5.73, 13.74) | 0.029 |
HbA1c, % | 7.13 (6.18, 8.96) | 6.80 (6.10, 7.90) | 6.87 (5.83, 7.90) | 0.463 |
RBC count, × 1012/L | 3.67 (3.16, 4.21) | 4.30 (3.79, 5.00) | 3.33 (3.05, 3.77) |  < 0.001 |
Hb, g/L | 107.00 (91.50, 125.00) | 125.00 (113.25, 147.75) | 96.00 (90.00, 113.25) |  < 0.001 |
Albumin, g/L | 32.92 (28.20, 38.50) | 34.10 (28.16, 43.32) | 31.89 (29.60, 39.30) | 0.325 |
UPE, g/24Â h, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.006 |
  < 3.5 | 48.00 (40.68) | 62.00 (55.36) | 6.00 (42.86) |  |
  ≥ 3.5 | 70.00 (59.32) | 50.00 (44.64) | 8.00 (57.14) |  |
Glucose in urine, n(%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Positive | 62.00 (52.54) | 30.00 (26.79) | 6.00 (42.86) |  |
 Negative | 56.00 (47.46) | 82.00 (73.21) | 8.00 (57.14) |  |
Occult blood in urine, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.495 |
 Positive | 65.00 (55.08) | 66.00 (58.93) | 6.00 (42.86) |  |
 Negative | 53.00 (44.92) | 46.00 (41.07) | 8.00 (57.14) |  |
RBC count in urine, count/HP | Â | Â | Â | 0.260 |
 | 5.00 (2.00, 14.00) | 6.00 (0.00, 33.00) | 1.50 (0.00, 8.75) |  |