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Table 1 Baseline clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study population in the classification group

From: Clinical predictors for nondiabetic kidney diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study from 2017 to 2021

parameters

DKD Group (n = 118)

NDKD Group (n = 112)

MIX Group (n = 14)

P value

Male, n(%)

71.00 (60.17)

69.00 (61.61)

8.00 (57.14)

0.939

Age, years, n(%)

54.50 (48.00, 61.00)

54.50 (42.25, 62.00)

61.50 (50.25, 65.00)

0.251

BMI, kg/m2

25.06 ± 3.41

25.59 ± 4.55

24.53 ± 2.40

0.383

Tobacco smoking, n(%)

   

0.471

 Yes

47.00 (39.83)

37.00 (31.04)

4.00 (28.57)

 

 No

71.00 (60.17)

75.00 (66.96)

10.00 (71.43)

 

Alcohol drinking, n(%)

   

0.575

 Yes

38.00 (32.20)

29.00 (25.89)

4.00 (28.57)

 

 No

80.00 (67.80)

83.00 (74.11)

10.00 (71.43)

 

Diabetes duration, years, n(%)

   

 < 0.001

  < 5

28.00 (23.73)

74.00 (66.07)

3.00 (21.43)

 

  ≥ 5

90.00 (76.27)

39.00 (34.83)

11.00 (78.57)

 

DR, n(%)

   

 < 0.001

 Yes

67.00 (56.78)

23.00 (20.54)

6.00 (42.86)

 

 No

51.00 (43.22)

89.00 (79.46)

8.00 (57.14)

 

Hypertension, n(%)

   

0.008

 Yes

87.00 (73.73)

62.00 (55.36)

11.00 (78.57)

 

 No

31.00 (26.27)

50.00 (44.64)

3.00 (21.43)

 

Hypertension duration, years, n(%)

   

0.729

  < 5

90.00 (76.27)

90.00 (80.36)

10.00 (71.43)

 

  ≥ 5

28.00 (23.73)

22.00 (19.64)

4.00 (28.57)

 

dyslipidemia

   

0.300

 Yes

102.00 (86.44)

101.00 (90.18)

11.00 (78.57)

 

 No

16.00 (13.56)

11.00 (9.82)

3.00 (21.43)

 

Serum calcium, mg/dL

2.07 (1.97, 2.19)

2.15 (1.99, 2.28)

2.06 (1.97, 2.18)

0.048

BUN, mmol/L

9.45 (6.80, 12.98)

8.10 (5.62, 12.21)

10.45 (7.88, 19.79)

0.078

Cr, μmol/L

157.85 (112.03, 241.31)

128.86 (78.55, 240.98)

202.52 (169.32, 309.77)

0.006

eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2

37.98 (20.92, 58.49)

52.86 (21.81, 78.98)

23.56 (15.70,32.25)

0.003

Uric acid, μmol/L

391.85 (320.85, 456.88)

421.30 (336.50, 510.13)

376.90 (358.90, 445.28)

0.134

RBG, mmol/L

9.50 (7.06, 12.68)

7.62 (5.93, 10.82)

11.05 (5.73, 13.74)

0.029

HbA1c, %

7.13 (6.18, 8.96)

6.80 (6.10, 7.90)

6.87 (5.83, 7.90)

0.463

RBC count, × 1012/L

3.67 (3.16, 4.21)

4.30 (3.79, 5.00)

3.33 (3.05, 3.77)

 < 0.001

Hb, g/L

107.00 (91.50, 125.00)

125.00 (113.25, 147.75)

96.00 (90.00, 113.25)

 < 0.001

Albumin, g/L

32.92 (28.20, 38.50)

34.10 (28.16, 43.32)

31.89 (29.60, 39.30)

0.325

UPE, g/24 h, n(%)

   

0.006

  < 3.5

48.00 (40.68)

62.00 (55.36)

6.00 (42.86)

 

  ≥ 3.5

70.00 (59.32)

50.00 (44.64)

8.00 (57.14)

 

Glucose in urine, n(%)

   

 < 0.001

 Positive

62.00 (52.54)

30.00 (26.79)

6.00 (42.86)

 

 Negative

56.00 (47.46)

82.00 (73.21)

8.00 (57.14)

 

Occult blood in urine, n(%)

   

0.495

 Positive

65.00 (55.08)

66.00 (58.93)

6.00 (42.86)

 

 Negative

53.00 (44.92)

46.00 (41.07)

8.00 (57.14)

 

RBC count in urine, count/HP

   

0.260

 

5.00 (2.00, 14.00)

6.00 (0.00, 33.00)

1.50 (0.00, 8.75)

 
  1. The data were presented as median and interquartile range [median (25th percentile, 75th percentile)] and mean ± standard deviation for skewed data and normally distributed data, respectively; categorical data were presented as the frequency (%). Kruskal–Wallis test and the chi-square test were used to compare continuous variables and categorical variables, respectively. BMI Body mass index, DR Diabetic retinopathy, BUN Blood urea nitrogen, Cr Serum creatinine, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, RBG Random blood glucose, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, RBC Red blood cell, Hb Hemoglobin, UPE Urinary protein excretion