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Table 2 Behavioral and biochemical parameters of the study population across rs1801260 genotypes

From: Association between CLOCK 3111 T/C polymorphism with ghrelin, GLP-1, food timing, sleep and chronotype in overweight and obese Iranian adults

Variables

 

Overweight (n = 221)

Obese (n = 182)

Total (n = 403)

Genotypes

P-value

Genotypes

P-value

Genotypes

P-value

TT (n = 99)

CT (n = 101)

CC (n = 21)

 

TT (n = 59)

CT (n = 91)

CC (n = 32)

 

TT (n = 158)

CT (n = 192)

CC (n = 53)

 

Behavioral factors

 VAS. score

 

46 ± 18ab

38 ± 19a

28 ± 11b

0.009

39 ± 19ab

25 ± 18a

17 ± 11b

0.007

43 ± 19ab

32 ± 21a

21 ± 18b

˂0.001

 ME. score

 

63 ± 7.6ab

52 ± 6.9a

47 ± 6.8b

˂0.001

62 ± 8ab

50 ± 6a

47 ± 6b

˂0.001

63 ± 7.7ab

51 ± 7.7a

47 ± 6.8b

˂0.001

 Sleep (h/day)

 

8.3 ± 1a

8 ± 0.9

7.7 ± 1.4a

0.01

8.5 ± 1a

8.1 ± 0.7

8 ± 0.6a

˂0.001

8.4 ± 1ab

8.1 ± 0.8a

7.6 ± 0.9b

˂0.001

 Food timing (h)

Breakfast

7.7 ± 0.9ab

8.4 ± 0.9a

9.4 ± 1.2b

˂0.001

7.8 ± 0.8ab

8.9 ± 1.1a

9.2 ± 0.9b

˂0.001

7.8 ± 0.9ab

8.6 ± 1a

9.3 ± 1b

˂0.001

Lunch

13.7 ± 0.7ab

14.2 ± 0.8a

14.9 ± 0.9b

˂0.001

13.7 ± 0.8ab

14.7 ± 0.9a

15.1 ± 1b

˂0.001

13.7 ± 0.7ab

14.5 ± 0.9a

15.1 ± 0.9b

˂0.001

Dinner

20.2 ± 0.8a

20.8 ± 0.8

21.6 ± 0.6a

˂0.001

20.2 ± 0.8ab

21.2 ± 0.9a

21.4 ± 0.9b

˂0.001

20.2 ± 0.8ab

21 ± 0.9a

21.5 ± 0.8b

˂0.001

Hormonal factors

 GLP-1 (pg/ml)

 

47.3 ± 19

60 ± 16

42.1 ± 22

0.28

61.1 ± 16ab

54.1 ± 16.3b

38.8 ± 19b

0.02

53.3 ± 19a

56.4 ± 16

40.4 ± 20a

0.02

 Ghrelin (ng/ml)

 

0.84 ± 0.4

0.8 ± 0.1

0.78 ± 0.5

0.64

0.87 ± 0.2a

0.92 ± 0.3

1.1 ± 0.9ab

0.048

0.86 ± 0.3

0.87 ± 0.2

0.94 ± 0.7

0.98

  1. VAS Visual analog scale, ME Morning-evening type, GLP-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1, S Short, M Medium, L Long; Variables are presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and percent (%) for categorical variables. P-value is found by ANCOVA and adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, and total energy intake. a, b Significant difference between genotype by ANCOVA with Tukey's post hoc tests. Significant items with a P value ˂ 0.05 are bolded