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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population across rs1801260 genotypes

From: Association between CLOCK 3111 T/C polymorphism with ghrelin, GLP-1, food timing, sleep and chronotype in overweight and obese Iranian adults

Variables

Overweight (n = 221)

Obese (n = 182)

Total (n = 403)

Genotype

P-value

Genotype

P-value

Genotype

P-value

TT (n = 99)

CT (n = 101)

CC (n = 21)

 

TT (n = 59)

CT (n = 91)

CC (n = 32)

 

TT (n = 158)

CT (n = 192)

CC (n = 53)

 

Demographic variables

 Age(year)

36.4 ± 9

35.7 ± 9

34.2 ± 9

0.653

36.3 ± 8

37.1 ± 7

38.8 ± 6

0.477

36.5 ± 8

36.4 ± 8

37.1 ± 8

0.83

 Physical activity

(Met-minute/w)

1804 ± 1049

1531 ± 1002

1272 ± 858

0.052

1770 ± 1277ab

1129 ± 978a

825 ± 555b

0.001

1792 ± 1134ab

1334 ± 1008a

996.7 ± 713b

0.001

Anthropometric factors

 Weight(kg)

79.5 ± 7

80.7 ± 7

81.1 ± 10

0.491

90.8 ± 10

92 ± 8

95.7 ± 10

0.072

83.7 ± 10a

86.3 ± 9

90.1 ± 12a

0.001

 Height (cm)

164.7 ± 7

165 ± 7.5

164.1 ± 9

0.36

165.1 ± 8

164.1 ± 6

164.8 ± 7

0.69

165.1 ± 7

164.6 ± 7

164.2 ± 8

0.59

 BMI(kg/m2)

27.9 ± 1.1

27.5 ± 1.4

28.2 ± 1

0.06

32.1 ± 3.1a

32.6 ± 1.9

34.1 ± 3.2a

0.01

29.6 ± 2a

30.3 ± 2

31.6 ± 4a

0.001

 WC (cm)

94.6 ± 6.7

94.2 ± 7.5

96 ± 6.9

0.627

102.1 ± 8a

104.6 ± 7

106.9 ± 7a

0.017

97.3 ± 8a

99.2 ± 9

102.7 ± 8a

0.001

Food intake

 Energy (kcal/day)

1869 ± 259ab

1946 ± 272a

2012 ± 238b

0.033

2486 ± 407ab

2527 ± 285a

2695 ± 486b

0.048

2096 ± 437ab

2232.4 ± 416a

2434 ± 526b

˂0.001

 Carbohydrate (kcal/day)

322 ± 31a

326 ± 36b

304 ± 28ab

0.037

330 ± 54a

311 ± 38b

333 ± 44ab

0.006

310.1 ± 80a

322.8 ± 66b

355 ± 92ab

0.001

 Protein (kcal/day)

86 ± 12

83.2 ± 12

81.5 ± 10

0.201

87.3 ± 22

79.3 ± 19

79.1 ± 21

0.075

82.8 ± 25.2

82.2 ± 20.5

87.9 ± 25

0.18

 Fat (kcal/day)

63.1 ± 12ab

78.6 ± 18a

72 ± 17b

˂0.001

67.8 ± 12ab

73.8 ± 15a

84 ± 17b

˂0.001

62.5 ± 18ab

77 ± 24.2a

84.4 ± 22b

˂0.001

Qualitative variables

 Males(%)

58.2(53)

54.5(60)

66.7(12)

0.602

47.2(25)

49.5(50)

44.8(13)

0.895

54.2(78)

51.9(110)

53.2(25)

0.899

 Married(%)

78(71)

72.7(80)

66.7(12)

0.056

88.7(47)

77.2(78)

96.6(28)

0.063

81.9(118)

75(159)

85.1(40)

0.080

 University graduate (%)

61.5(56)

73.6(81)

72.2(13)

0.173

45.3(24)

63.4(64)

62.1(18)

0.086

55.6(80)

68.4(145)

66(31)

0.064

 Current smoker (%)

Occupation (%)

2.2(2)

1.8(2)

0

0.962

3.8(2)

6.9(7)

3.4(1)

0.182

2.8(4)

4.2(9)

2.1(1)

0.676

 Unemployed

41.8(38)

38.2(42)

38.9(7)

0.981

49.1(26)

47.5(48)

51.7(15)

0.699

44.4(64)

42.9(91)

46.8(22)

0.909

 Government employee

33(30)

31.8(35)

27.8(5)

22.6(12)

24.8(25)

24.1(7)

29.2(11)

28.3(11)

25.5(12)

 Worker

6.6(6)

7.3(8)

11.1(2)

9.4(5)

3(3)

3.4(1)

7.6(11)

5.2(11)

6.4(3)

 Self-employment

18.7(17)

22.7(25)

22(4)

18.9(10)

24.8(25)

20.7(6)

18.8(27)

23.6(50)

23.1(10)

  1. Variables are presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and percent (%) for categorical variables. P-value is found by ANCOVA and adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, and total energy intake (residual method), except for dietary energy intake, which was only adjusted for age, sex and physical activity and for PA, which was only adjusted for age, sex and total energy intake. a, b: Significant difference between genotype by ANCOVA with Tukey's post hoc tests. Significant items with a P value ˂ 0.05 are bolded