Variables | Overweight (n = 221) | Obese (n = 182) | Total (n = 403) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genotype | P-value | Genotype | P-value | Genotype | P-value | |||||||
TT (n = 99) | CT (n = 101) | CC (n = 21) | TT (n = 59) | CT (n = 91) | CC (n = 32) | TT (n = 158) | CT (n = 192) | CC (n = 53) | ||||
Demographic variables | ||||||||||||
Age(year) | 36.4 ± 9 | 35.7 ± 9 | 34.2 ± 9 | 0.653 | 36.3 ± 8 | 37.1 ± 7 | 38.8 ± 6 | 0.477 | 36.5 ± 8 | 36.4 ± 8 | 37.1 ± 8 | 0.83 |
Physical activity (Met-minute/w) | 1804 ± 1049 | 1531 ± 1002 | 1272 ± 858 | 0.052 | 1770 ± 1277ab | 1129 ± 978a | 825 ± 555b | 0.001 | 1792 ± 1134ab | 1334 ± 1008a | 996.7 ± 713b | 0.001 |
Anthropometric factors | ||||||||||||
Weight(kg) | 79.5 ± 7 | 80.7 ± 7 | 81.1 ± 10 | 0.491 | 90.8 ± 10 | 92 ± 8 | 95.7 ± 10 | 0.072 | 83.7 ± 10a | 86.3 ± 9 | 90.1 ± 12a | 0.001 |
Height (cm) | 164.7 ± 7 | 165 ± 7.5 | 164.1 ± 9 | 0.36 | 165.1 ± 8 | 164.1 ± 6 | 164.8 ± 7 | 0.69 | 165.1 ± 7 | 164.6 ± 7 | 164.2 ± 8 | 0.59 |
BMI(kg/m2) | 27.9 ± 1.1 | 27.5 ± 1.4 | 28.2 ± 1 | 0.06 | 32.1 ± 3.1a | 32.6 ± 1.9 | 34.1 ± 3.2a | 0.01 | 29.6 ± 2a | 30.3 ± 2 | 31.6 ± 4a | 0.001 |
WC (cm) | 94.6 ± 6.7 | 94.2 ± 7.5 | 96 ± 6.9 | 0.627 | 102.1 ± 8a | 104.6 ± 7 | 106.9 ± 7a | 0.017 | 97.3 ± 8a | 99.2 ± 9 | 102.7 ± 8a | 0.001 |
Food intake | ||||||||||||
Energy (kcal/day) | 1869 ± 259ab | 1946 ± 272a | 2012 ± 238b | 0.033 | 2486 ± 407ab | 2527 ± 285a | 2695 ± 486b | 0.048 | 2096 ± 437ab | 2232.4 ± 416a | 2434 ± 526b | ˂0.001 |
Carbohydrate (kcal/day) | 322 ± 31a | 326 ± 36b | 304 ± 28ab | 0.037 | 330 ± 54a | 311 ± 38b | 333 ± 44ab | 0.006 | 310.1 ± 80a | 322.8 ± 66b | 355 ± 92ab | 0.001 |
Protein (kcal/day) | 86 ± 12 | 83.2 ± 12 | 81.5 ± 10 | 0.201 | 87.3 ± 22 | 79.3 ± 19 | 79.1 ± 21 | 0.075 | 82.8 ± 25.2 | 82.2 ± 20.5 | 87.9 ± 25 | 0.18 |
Fat (kcal/day) | 63.1 ± 12ab | 78.6 ± 18a | 72 ± 17b | ˂0.001 | 67.8 ± 12ab | 73.8 ± 15a | 84 ± 17b | ˂0.001 | 62.5 ± 18ab | 77 ± 24.2a | 84.4 ± 22b | ˂0.001 |
Qualitative variables | ||||||||||||
Males(%) | 58.2(53) | 54.5(60) | 66.7(12) | 0.602 | 47.2(25) | 49.5(50) | 44.8(13) | 0.895 | 54.2(78) | 51.9(110) | 53.2(25) | 0.899 |
Married(%) | 78(71) | 72.7(80) | 66.7(12) | 0.056 | 88.7(47) | 77.2(78) | 96.6(28) | 0.063 | 81.9(118) | 75(159) | 85.1(40) | 0.080 |
University graduate (%) | 61.5(56) | 73.6(81) | 72.2(13) | 0.173 | 45.3(24) | 63.4(64) | 62.1(18) | 0.086 | 55.6(80) | 68.4(145) | 66(31) | 0.064 |
Current smoker (%) Occupation (%) | 2.2(2) | 1.8(2) | 0 | 0.962 | 3.8(2) | 6.9(7) | 3.4(1) | 0.182 | 2.8(4) | 4.2(9) | 2.1(1) | 0.676 |
Unemployed | 41.8(38) | 38.2(42) | 38.9(7) | 0.981 | 49.1(26) | 47.5(48) | 51.7(15) | 0.699 | 44.4(64) | 42.9(91) | 46.8(22) | 0.909 |
Government employee | 33(30) | 31.8(35) | 27.8(5) | 22.6(12) | 24.8(25) | 24.1(7) | 29.2(11) | 28.3(11) | 25.5(12) | |||
Worker | 6.6(6) | 7.3(8) | 11.1(2) | 9.4(5) | 3(3) | 3.4(1) | 7.6(11) | 5.2(11) | 6.4(3) | |||
Self-employment | 18.7(17) | 22.7(25) | 22(4) | 18.9(10) | 24.8(25) | 20.7(6) | 18.8(27) | 23.6(50) | 23.1(10) |