The evaluation of muscle strength and architecture in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

BMC Endocrine Disorders

Table 3 Comparison of muscle thickness and pennate angle measurements of patients and control groups

	T1D Group	Control Group	p value
Rectus femoris Muscle thickness			0.013^a
Mean ± S	1.8 ± 0.3	1.98 ± 0.26
Median (Min – Max)	1.84(1.09 –2.5)	1.93(1.57– 2.72)
Vastus intermedius Muscle thickness			0.047^a
Mean ± S	1.73 ± 0.35	1.92 ± 0.42
Median (Min – Max)	1.80(0.9 – 2.48)	1.89(0.99 – 2.79)
Vastus intermedius Pennate angle			< 0.001^b
Mean ± S	13.19 ± 4.26	17 ± 3.95
Median (Min – Max)	13(6 – 27)	17(10–24)
Vastus medialis Muscle thickness			0.011^b
Mean ± S	1.94 ± 0.32	2.19 ± 0.43
Median (Min – Max)	1.96(1.38–2.63)	2.1(1.56 – 3.88)
Vastus medialis Pennate angle			< 0.001^b
Mean ± S	17.56 ± 7.2	25.18 ± 7.34
Median (Min – Max)	15.5(7–3)3	27(8–36)
Vastus lateralis Muscle thickness			0.043^a
Mean ± S	1.58 ± 0.27	2.73 ± 0.31
Median (Min – Max)	1.57(0.85 – 2.3)	1.75(1.22 – 2.5)
Vastus lateralis Pennate angle			0.200^a
Median	11.93 ± 3.12	13.09 ± 3.95
Median (Min – Max)	12(7–18)	13(7–23)

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