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Table 2 Metabolic standards

From: Type 1 diabetes management and hospitalisation in the over 25’s at an Australian outer urban diabetes clinic

Metabolic Outcomes and Control

N = 111

iANDA(12)

Target(10, 20)

Age (years)

41.4 ± 12.7

55.4 ± 17.8

 

HbA1c (n = 110) %

8.2 ± 1.7

8.5 ± 1.8

 < 7.0%

mmol/mol

66 ± 19

69 ± 19

 

HbA1c excluding pregnant womenii (n = 96) %

8.4 ± 1.7

  

mmol/mol

68 ± 19

  

HbA1c in pregnant womenii (n = 14) %

7.0 ± 0.9

 

 < 6.0–7.0%iii

mmol/mol

53 ± 10

  

Rate of hypoglycaemia (n = 88)

  

Never

Never – n (%)

18 (20.5)

  

 ≤ 1/week – n (%)

26 (29.5)

  

2—6 days per week – n (%)

32 (36.4)

  

 ≥ 1/day – n (%)

12 (13.7)

  

Blood Pressure SBP/DBP (mean ± SD, mmHg)

 Whole cohort

122 ± 16 / 72 ± 11

126 ± 17 / 75 ± 10

 < 130/80

 Excluding pregnant women (n = 84)

123 ± 16 / 72 ± 10

  

 Pregnant women (n = 13)

113 ± 15 / 69 ± 12

  

 SBP < 130 – n (%)

59 (60.8)

  

 DBP < 80 – n (%)

65 (67.0)

  

 SBP < 130 and DBP < 80 – n (%)

48 (49.5)

  

 On antihypertensive therapy – n (%)

25 (22.5)

  

 BP (on antihypertensive therapy)

132 ± 16 / 72 ± 11

136 ± 19 / 76 ± 11

 

 BP (not on antihypertensive therapy)

119 ± 15 / 72 ± 10

122 ± 14 / 74 ± 10

 

Lipids (mmol/L)

 Total cholesterol (n = 94)

4.7 ± 1.1

4.8 ± 1.2

 < 4.0

 LDL cholesterol (n = 83)

2.8 ± 0.9

2.6 ± 1.0

 < 2.0

 HDL cholesterol (n = 81)

1.4 ± 0.4

1.5 ± 0.5

 ≥ 1.0

 Triglycerides (n = 90)

1.2 ± 0.9

1.4 ± 1.8

 < 2.0

 Total cholesterol < 4.0 (n = 94) – n (%)

18 (19.1)

22.1%

 

 LDL cholesterol < 2.0 (n = 83) – n (%)

14 (16.9)

24.9%

 

 HDL cholesterol ≥ 1.0 (n = 81) – n (%)

72 (88.9)

91.7%

 

 Triglycerides < 2.0 (n = 90) – n (%)

80 (88.9)

84.2%

 

 On lipid lowering therapy – n (%)

31 (27.9)

30.0%

 

 Total Cholesterol (on lipid lowering therapy)

4.5 ± 1.4

4.6 ± 1.4

 

Total Cholesterol (not on lipid lowering therapy)

 LDL Cholesterol (on lipid lowering therapy)

4.8 ± 0.9 2.5 ± 1.0

4.9 ± 1.1 2.3 ± 1.0

 

 LDL Cholesterol (not on lipid lowering therapy)

2.8 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 0.9

 

 BMI (kg/m2) (n = 56)

27.1 ± 5.6

26.8 ± 5.8

18.5—24.9

 Healthy weight (18.5–24.9) – n (%)

23 (41.1)

44.4%v

 

 Overweight (25–29.9) – n (%)

19 (33.9)

32.1%

 

 Obese (≥ 30) – n (%)

14 (25.0)

23.5%

 

 BMI (kg/m2) excluding pregnant women (n = 47)

27.2 ± 5.3

  

 Healthy weight (18.5–24.9) – n (%)

19 (40.0)

  

 Overweight (25–29.9) – n (%)

12 (25.5)

  

 Obese (≥ 30) – n (%)

16 (34.0)

  
  1. Data reported as mean ± SD unless otherwise stated. Where information was not available for all people with T1D, numbers in parentheses in the first column indicate the number of people with the data recorded. i. ANDA includes people aged ≥ 18 years. Whilst ANDA looks at all types of diabetes, all reported ANDA results are specific to people with type 1 diabetes. ii. Pregnancy documented at any time in 2017. iii. Australian guidelines state that for type 1 diabetes in pregnancy, a target HbA1c of < 6.0% is desirable but unless this can be achieved safely, a conservative target of < 7.0% is recommended. Thus, a target of < 6.5% is often used clinically [10]. iv. 1 g proteinuria was calculated as UACR ≥ 70 [21]. v. Combined underweight and healthy weight categories (BMI < 25 kg/m.2). vi. No subjects in this cohort were underweight with BMI < 18.5. ANDA Australian National Diabetes Audit, UKNDA United Kingdom National Diabetes Audit, HbA1c glycated haemoglobin, SBGM self-blood glucose monitoring, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, BMI body mass index
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BMC Endocrine Disorders

ISSN: 1472-6823

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