Table 3 Univariable and multivariable analysis of factors affecting validity of self-reported diabetes in DehPCS

Gender (reference: female)

0.49 (0.38–0.64(^c

0.69 (0.52–0.92)^a

0.31 (0.22–0.43)^c

0.33 (0.52–0.52)^c

1.15 (0.75–1.78)

1.86 (1.05–3.31)^a

0.64 (0.50–0.81)^c

0.66 (0.47–0.91)^a

Age

1.02 (1.00–1.03)^b

1.01 (1.00–1.03)

1.02 (1.01–1.04)^a

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

1.05 (1.02–1.07)^c

1.04 (1.01–1.07)^a

1.08 (1.07–1.09)^c

1.08 (1.06–1.10)^c

Marital status (reference: married)

2.10 (1.49–2.96)^c

1.54 (1.06–2.24)^a

2.41 (1.63–3.55)^c

1.52 (1.00–2.33)^a

1.74 (0.88–3.41)

1.59 (0.76–3.34)

1.66 (1.14–2.41)^b

0.80 (0.52–1.23)

Education years

0.94 (0.92–0.96)^c

0.97 (0.95–1.00)

0.92 (0.89–0.94)^c

0.96 (0.93–1.01)

0.97 (0.93–1.01)

1.04 (0.97–1.10)

0.91 (0.88–0.93)^c

0.98 (0.94–1.01)

 Moderate

1.66 (1.21–2.27)^c

1.62 (1.18–2.22)^b

1.56 (1.08–2.25)^a

1.43 (0.98–2.08)

1.97 (1.10–3.51)^a

1.95 (1.08–3.53)^a

1.02 (0.75–1.37)

0.82 (0.59–1.13)

 Rich

1.86 (1.37–2.53)^c

1.60 (1.15–2.20)^b

1.89 (1.33–2.70)^c

1.46 (1.00–2.13)^a

1.95 (1.09–3.50)^a

1.71 (0.92–3.17)

1.35 (1.02–1.79)^a

0.81 (0.59–1.12)

 BMI

1.08 (1.05–1.10)^c

1.06 (1.04–1.09)^c

1.08 (1.05–1.11)^c

1.05 (1.02–1.08)^c

1.08 (1.04–1.13)^c

1.11 (1.07–1.16)^c

1.05 (1.03–1.08)^c

1.03 (1.00–1.06)^a

 Ex-smoker

0.87 (0.55–1.37)

–

0.94 (0.55–1.59)

1.40 (0.78–2.50)

1.04 (0.44–2.43)

0.74 (0.30–1.83)

2.45 (1.75–3.41)^c

2.12 (1.44–3.14)^c

 Smoker

0.88 (0.62–1.24)

–

0.65 (0.42–1.02)

1.30 (0.76–2.21)

1.51 (0.88–2.58)

1.46 (0.77–2.76)

0.88 (0.62–1.26)

1.22 (0.79–1.87)

 Drug use (reference: no)

0.70 (0.46–1.06)

–

0.57 (0.33–0.97)^a

0.82 (0.42–1.61)

1.02 (0.52–2.00)

0.91 (0.40–2.05)

0.85 (0.58–1.25)

0.66 (0.39–1.12)

 Alcohol use (reference: no)

0.81 (0.54–1.19)

–

0.75 (0.47–1.19)

1.41 (0.83–2.41)

0.83 (0.41–1.68)

0.66 (0.31–1.41)

0.56 (0.36–0.88)^a

0.65 (0.40–1.06)

 HTN (reference: no)

1.36 (1.04–1.78)^a

1.02 (0.77–1.37)

1.39 (1.00–1.92)^a

0.98 (0.68–1.42)

2.10 (1.25–3.22)^b

1.18 (0.69–2.02)

3.27 (2.56–4.17)^c

1.79 (1.35–2.37)^c

 Second degree

0.88 (0.57–1.36)

0.92 (0.59–1.43)

1.28 (0.81–2.05)

1.32 (0.82–2.12)

0.22 (0.05–0.89)^a

0.27 (0.07–1.14)

1.78 (1.21–2.59)^b

2.53 (1.69–3.81)^c

 First degree

1.60 (1.24–2.06) c

1.57 (1.21–2.04)^c

2.03 (1.51–2.73)^c

1.95 (1.44–2.65)^c

1.25 (0.78–2.00)

1.48 (0.91–2.41)

2.76 (2.14–3.56)^c

3.43 (2.61–4.51)^c