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Table 1 Characteristic of study sample with and without type 2 diabetes

From: Association between type 2 diabetes status and prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis among adults aged ≥ 40 years

 

Non-diabetes (n = 2,031)

Type 2 diabetes (n = 749)

P value

Age (years)

59.5 ± 11.8

64.3 ± 10.4

 < 0.001

Sex (%)

  

 < 0.001

  Men

45.6

53.5

 

  Women

54.4

46.5

 

Race (%)

  

 < 0.001

  Non-Hispanic White

37.2

29.9

 

  Non-Hispanic Black

21.9

24.0

 

  Mexican American

11.9

16.0

 

  Other race

29.0

30.0

 

Educational level (%)

  

 < 0.001

  Less than high school

19.9

27.0

 

  High school

24.0

22.6

 

  More than high school

56.0

50.5

 

Body mass index (kg/m2)

29.3 ± 6.7

32.2 ± 7.3

 < 0.001

Ratio of family income to poverty

2.7 ± 1.6

2.6 ± 1.6

0.231

Moderate recreational activities (%)

  

 < 0.001

  Yes

40.4

31.9

 

  No

59.6

68.1

 

Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life (%)

  

0.008

  Yes

41.9

47.5

 

  No

58.1

52.5

 

Glycohemoglobin (%)

5.6 ± 0.4

7.4 ± 1.5

 < 0.001

Serum glucose (mmol/L)

5.3 ± 0.7

7.9 ± 3.5

 < 0.001

Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)

80.7 ± 24.4

85.6 ± 30.9

 < 0.001

Alanine amino transferase (IU/L)

20.9 ± 12.9

22.9 ± 15.8

 < 0.001

Aspartic acid transferase (IU/L)

21.4 ± 9.0

21.8 ± 13.1

0.372

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (IU/L)

30.0 ± 37.8

37.5 ± 44.0

 < 0.001

Serum uric acid (umol/L)

323.5 ± 85.6

343.3 ± 94.7

 < 0.001

Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)

5.6 ± 2.0

6.4 ± 3.0

 < 0.001

Total cholesterol ((mmol/L)

5.1 ± 1.0

4.6 ± 1.2

 < 0.001

Median controlled attenuation parameter (dB/m)

264.5 ± 58.2

301.8 ± 59.0

 < 0.001

Liver steatosis (%)

  

 < 0.001

  Yes

43.8

67.6

 

  No

56.2

32.4

 

Median liver stiffness (kpa)

5.7 ± 5.1

7.6 ± 6.5

 < 0.001

Significant fibrosis (%)

  

 < 0.001

  Yes

9.4

25.4

 

  No

90.6

74.6

 
  1. Mean ± SD for continuous variables: P value was calculated by one-way ANOVA (normal distribution) and Kruskal–Wallis H (skewed distribution) test
  2. % for categorical variables: P value was calculated by chi-square test