Non-diabetes (n = 2,031) | Type 2 diabetes (n = 749) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 59.5 ± 11.8 | 64.3 ± 10.4 | < 0.001 |
Sex (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Men | 45.6 | 53.5 | |
Women | 54.4 | 46.5 | |
Race (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 37.2 | 29.9 | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 21.9 | 24.0 | |
Mexican American | 11.9 | 16.0 | |
Other race | 29.0 | 30.0 | |
Educational level (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Less than high school | 19.9 | 27.0 | |
High school | 24.0 | 22.6 | |
More than high school | 56.0 | 50.5 | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.3 ± 6.7 | 32.2 ± 7.3 | < 0.001 |
Ratio of family income to poverty | 2.7 ± 1.6 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 0.231 |
Moderate recreational activities (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 40.4 | 31.9 | |
No | 59.6 | 68.1 | |
Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life (%) | 0.008 | ||
Yes | 41.9 | 47.5 | |
No | 58.1 | 52.5 | |
Glycohemoglobin (%) | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 7.4 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 |
Serum glucose (mmol/L) | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 7.9 ± 3.5 | < 0.001 |
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L) | 80.7 ± 24.4 | 85.6 ± 30.9 | < 0.001 |
Alanine amino transferase (IU/L) | 20.9 ± 12.9 | 22.9 ± 15.8 | < 0.001 |
Aspartic acid transferase (IU/L) | 21.4 ± 9.0 | 21.8 ± 13.1 | 0.372 |
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (IU/L) | 30.0 ± 37.8 | 37.5 ± 44.0 | < 0.001 |
Serum uric acid (umol/L) | 323.5 ± 85.6 | 343.3 ± 94.7 | < 0.001 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 5.6 ± 2.0 | 6.4 ± 3.0 | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol ((mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 |
Median controlled attenuation parameter (dB/m) | 264.5 ± 58.2 | 301.8 ± 59.0 | < 0.001 |
Liver steatosis (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 43.8 | 67.6 | |
No | 56.2 | 32.4 | |
Median liver stiffness (kpa) | 5.7 ± 5.1 | 7.6 ± 6.5 | < 0.001 |
Significant fibrosis (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Yes | 9.4 | 25.4 | |
No | 90.6 | 74.6 |