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Table 3 Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for diabetes by the level of liver enzymes

From: Serum liver enzymes and diabetes from the Rafsanjan cohort study

Characteristics

Crude model

Adjusted model 1

Adjusted model 2

Adjusted model 3

Adjusted model 4

OR (95%CI)a

OR(95%CI)b

OR (95%CI)c

OR(95%CI)d

OR(95%CI)e

ALT

 Normal ALT

1

1

1

1

1

 Elevated ALT

1.45(1.24–1.68)

2.19(1.85–2.60)

1.97(1.66–2.33)

1.96(1.64–2.33)

1.81(1.51–2.17)

AST

 Normal AST

1

1

1

1

1

 Elevated AST

1.75(1.37–2.42)

1.92(1.47–2.51)

1.79(1.37–2.34)

1.78(1.35–2.35)

1.75(1.32–2.32)

GGT

 Normal GGT

1

1

1

1

1

 Elevated GGT

2.22(1.94–2.56)

2.13(1.84–2.48)

1.98(1.71–2.31)

1.99(1.70–2.32)

1.77(1.50–2.08)

ALP

 Normal ALP

1

1

1

1

1

 Elevated ALP

2.00(1.74–2.30)

1.65(1.42–1.92)

1.66(1.42–1.94)

1.67(1.42–1.96)

1.60(1.35–1.90)

  1. a The baseline model is stratified on the levels of liver enzymes
  2. b The adjusted model 1 is adjusted for confounding variables including age (continuous variable), gender (male/ female), education years (continuous variable) and wealth status index
  3. C The adjusted model 2 has additional adjustment for confounding variables related to lifestyle (cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and opium consumption), body mass index (continuous variable) and physical activity level (continuous variable)
  4. d The adjusted model 3 has additional adjustment for hypertension (yes/no), family history of diabetes (first-degree relatives) (yes/no) and family history of diabetes (second-degree relatives) (yes/no)
  5. e The adjusted model 4 has additional adjustment for cholesterol (continuous variable), triglycerides (continuous variable), LDL cholesterol (continuous variable), HDL cholesterol (continuous variable), use of hepatotoxic drugs (yes/no) and fatty liver (yes/no)