Table 2 Characteristics of the treatment group and the control groups after propensity score matching
Characteristics | Treatment | Control group 1 Screened candidate | Control group 2 Beneficiary within inclusion criteria | Standardized difference treatment—control group1 | Standardized difference treatment—control group2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = | 139 | N = | 412 | N = | 416 | |||
Age (mean (SD)) (years) | 68.1 | (3.8) | 67.9 | (4.0) | 68.5 | (4.1) | 0.051 | -0.101 |
Sex (male %) | 83 | (59.7) | 266 | (64.6) | 246 | (59.1) | -0.100 | 0.012 |
Diabetes treatment medication (n, %) | ||||||||
Oral | 105 | (75.5) | 295 | (71.6) | 321 | (77.2) | 0.089 | -0.038 |
Insulin | 34 | (24.5) | 117 | (28.4) | 95 | (22.8) | -0.089 | 0.038 |
Medication for cardiovascular risk control (n, %) | ||||||||
Anti-platelet | 38 | (27.3) | 113 | (27.4) | 126 | (30.3) | -0.002 | -0.065 |
Anti-hyperlipidemic | 85 | (61.2) | 258 | (62.6) | 272 | (65.4) | -0.030 | -0.088 |
Anti-hypertensives | 102 | (73.4) | 298 | (72.3) | 301 | (73.4) | 0.024 | 0.023 |
Cardiorenal protective agents (n, %) | 89 | (64.0) | 263 | (63.8) | 263 | (63.2) | 0.004 | 0.017 |
Charlson Risk Index (n, %) | ||||||||
1 | 114 | (82.0) | 334 | (81.1) | 327 | (78.6) | 0.024 | 0.086 |
2 | 22 | (15.8) | 66 | (16.0) | 81 | (19.5) | -0.005 | -0.096 |
3 or more | 3 | (2.2) | 12 | (2.9) | 8 | (1.9) | -0.048 | 0.017 |
Utilization patterns (annual) (mean (SD)) | ||||||||
Medical cost (USD) | 4,991 | (3,871) | 5,014 | (5,614) | 5,808 | (5,741) | -0.005 | -0.167 |
Number of Physician visits | 32.4 | (37.1) | 30.4 | (33.5) | 35.2 | (38.5) | 0.057 | -0.074 |
Hospitalization days | 2.4 | (9.9) | 2.0 | (10.6) | 2.0 | (8.0) | 0.039 | 0.044 |