Table 1 Baseline clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants
Overall N = 411 | Men N = 171 | Women N = 240 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 35.5 ± 13.0 | 35.1 ± 11.4 | 35.4 ± 12.3 | 0.822 |
Diabetes duration time, years | 16 (10‒24) | 14 (10‒21) | 18 (11‒25) | 0.057 |
HbA1c, % | 7.8 (7.2‒8.7) | 7.8 (7.2‒8.75) | 7.8 (7.8‒8.7) | 0.642 |
Use of psychotropic drugs, % | 14.6 | 9.4 | 18.3 | 0.011 |
Education level, % | 0.985 | |||
Primary or lower | 35.0 | 35.1 | 35.0 | |
Secondary or tertiary | 65.0 | 64.9 | 65.9 | |
Employment status, % | 0.026 | |||
Student | 18.9 | 15.2 | 20.0 | |
Active | 49.4 | 57.9 | 43.3 | |
Unemployed | 25.5 | 19.9 | 29.6 | |
Others | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.1 | |
Type of treatment, % | 0.011 | |||
Multiple insulin injections | 84.7 | 90.1 | 80.8 | |
Insulin pump | 15.3 | 9.9 | 19.2 | |
HADS‒A, score | 8 (6‒11) | 8 (6‒10) | 9 (6‒11) | 0.002 |
HADS-A ≥ 8, % | 57.5 | 51.5 | 61.8 | 0.029 |
HADS‒D, score | 4 (1‒8) | 4 (1‒7) | 5 (1‒8) | 0.304 |
HADS-D ≥ 8, % | 25.1 | 21.9 | 27.3 | 0.194 |
PAID, score | 51 (31‒68) | 46 (30‒59) | 55 (36‒72) | < 0.001 |
PAID ≥ 40, % | 64.6 | 58.7 | 68.9 | 0.024 |