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Table 1 Characteristics of the studies involved

From: Efficacy of liraglutide in patients with diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Research

Sample

Age/years

Sex ratio (males/females)

Course of T2DM/years

Interventions

Duration

Outcomes

T/C

T

C

T

C

T

C

T

C

  

Zha 2018 [16]

30/30

LIR(0.6 to 1.8 mg qd ih) plus Huang kui capsule

Huangkui Capsules 2.5 g tid po

2 months

ACDF

Cao 2020 [17]

30/30

55.21 ± 6.32

56.12 ± 6.92

17/13

15/15

4.08 ± 1.74

4.19 ± 1.52

LIR(0.6 to 1.2 mg qd po) plus nephritis rehabilitation tablets

nephritis rehabilitation tablets 0.48 g/tablet, 5tablets/time, tid

12 weeks

ABCGHIJK

Dong 2018 [18]

43/43

53.7 ± 6.2

54.6 ± 8.7

20/23

23/20

LIR(0.6 to 1.8 mg qd ih) + INS

INS

6 months

ABCDEFGH

Chen 2016 [19]

30/31

LIR(0.6 to 1.8 mg qd ih) + RT

RT

24 weeks

ACDEH

Hu Yanyun 2018 [20]

55/55

59.64 ± 6.51

59.66 ± 6.54

35/20

37/18

6.28 ± 1.23

6.39 ± 1.14

LIR(0.6 to 1.2 mg qd ih)plus RT

RT

8 weeks

ABCHK

Ren Lijuan 2019 [21]

15/15

44.8 ± 2.7

51.3 ± 2.9

7/8

9/6

LIR (0.6 to 1.8 mg tid po) plus huangkui capsules

Huangkui Capsules 2.5 g tid

6 months

ABCF

Ren Wei 2015 [22]

24/24

LIR(0.6 to 1.8 mg qd ih) + RT

RT

6 months

ACDFH

Shi 2019 [23]

30/30

57.32 ± 3.69

57.63 ± 3.12

17/13

18/12

7.13 ± 2.24

7.08 ± 1.71

LIR (0.6 to 1.2 mg qd ih) plus Benazepril 10 mg qd

Benazepril 10 mg qd

10 weeks

CHJKH

Yang 2016 [24]

100/100

66.8 ± 14.7

67.4 ± 13.5

45/55

48/52

LIR (0.6 to 1.2 mg qd ih) plus Telmisartan 40 mg qd

Telmisartan 40 mg qd

10 weeks

CHJK

Zhao 2014 [25]

19/26

LIR (0.6 to 1.8 mg qd ih) plus Valsartan

Valsartan 80 mg qd

6 months

CDI

Zheng 2015 [26]

110/110

58 ± 4.9

57 ± 5.1

67/43

65/45

6.9 ± 2.8

7.1 ± 2.4

LIR (0.6 to 1.2 mg qd ih) plus INS

INS

4 weeks

ADGH

Hu Linlin 2018 [27]

30/30

42.5 ± 11.6

41.3 ± 10.7

18/12

17/13

LIR(0.6 to 1.8 mg tid po) plus huangkui capsules

Huangkui Capsules 2.5 g tid po

6 months

ACDF

Aiyitan 2017 [28]

89/73

58.1 ± 8.1

57.8 ± 7.9

49/40

39/34

LIR(0.6 to 1.8 mg qd ih) plus RT

RT

8 weeks

ABF

Shen 2017 [29]

30/30

17/13

16/14

LIR (0.6 to 1.2 mg qd ih) pluse Olmesartan 20 mg/d

Olmesartan 20 mg/d

6 months

ACFHJK

Liu Rui 2016 [30]

59/75

57.5 ± 7.4

58.2 ± 7.9

33/26

43/32

LIR (0.6 to 1.2 mg qd ih) plus RT

RT

8 weeks

ABF

Liu Chuyv 2015 [31]

13/13

LIR (0.6 to 1.2 mg qd ih) + Olmesartan

Olmesartan 20 mg qd + INS

6 months

DFI

Li 2017 [32]

21/21

48.2 ± 9.0

49.1 ± 8.3

11/10

13/8

4.2 ± 1.1

7.38 ± 1.5

LIR plus RT

RT + INS

12 weeks

ABCDEGH

Jian 2018 [33]

58/58

56.51 ± 6.05

56.33 ± 8.63

32/26

29/29

LIR (0.6 mg to 1.2 mg qd ih) plus Metformin

Metformin 1 g bid

3 months

ABCDFHJK

  1. LIR liraglutide, RT routine treatment, INS insulin
  2. A. FBG
  3. B. PBG
  4. C. HbA1c
  5. D. BMI
  6. E. eGFR
  7. F. UACR
  8. G. BUN
  9. H. Scr
  10. I. Cysc
  11. J. IL-6
  12. K. TNF-α