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Table 3 Comparison of BMI and environmental factors in junior high school students between the early-adult HbA1c and BMI groups (ANCOVA)

From: A retrospective cohort study on the association between poor sleep quality in junior high school students and high hemoglobin A1c level in early adults with higher body mass index values

 

Total (n = 99)

HbA1c ≤ 5.4% (n = 77)

HbA1 c > 5.4% (n = 22)

p value

BMI ≤ 22 kg/m2

(n = 50)

BMI > 22 kg/m2

(n = 27)

BMI ≤ 22 kg/m2

(n = 15)

BMI > 22 kg/m2

(n = 7)

Mean

95% CI

Mean

95% CI

Mean

95% CI

Mean

95% CI

P1

P2

P3

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Family history of diabetes

1.34

1.20

1.48

1.33

1.14

1.52

1.33

1.06

1.60

1.43

0.93

1.92

0.629

0.543

0.678

BMI in junior high school students (kg/m2)

18.44

18.04

18.83

22.88

21.05

24.70

18.19

17.44

18.95

22.11

19.56

24.67

0.479

 < 0.001

0.715

Playing sports for > 1 year,

n (%)a

1.18

1.07

1.29

1.19

1.03

1.34

1.00

  

1.00

  

0.059

0.823

0.982

Snacking habitsb

2.03

1.76

2.31

2.00

1.66

2.34

2.10

1.69

2.51

1.83

1.40

2.26

0.885

0.553

0.561

Dinner companionc

2.86

2.72

3.00

2.85

2.64

3.00

3.00

  

3.00

  

0.249

0.885

0.975

Sleep durationd

3.18

2.89

3.47

3.19

2.86

3.52

3.33

2.75

3.91

3.00

1.93

4.07

0.803

0.988

0.515

Sleep qualitye

1.90

1.70

2.10

1.70

1.46

1.94

2.00

1.70

2.30

2.57

1.84

3.30

 < 0.001

0.108

0.024

Psychological stressf

2.24

1.96

2.52

2.44

2.13

2.76

2.07

1.49

2.64

2.14

1.15

3.13

0.533

0.214

0.810

  1. Data were adjusted for sex. The p values < 0.05 are in bold. P1 represents the early-adult HbA1c group; P2, the early-adult BMI group; and P3, the interaction. Continuous variables are presented as mean (SD). Abbreviation: BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c
  2. a1: yes, 2: no; b1: less than once a week, 2: every 2–3 days, 3: every day; c1: alone, 2: with siblings, 3: with family; d1: > 9 h, 2: 8–9 h, 3: 7–8 h, 4: 6–7 h, 5: 5–6 h, 6: < 5 h; e1: sufficient, 2: to some extent, 3: poor, 4: insufficient; f1: none, 2: little, 3: some, 4: much