Child-age 15 months: | Child-age 4 year: | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | B* | 95% CI | P value | n | B* | 95% CI | P value | |
Country: | ||||||||
Finland | 1057 | Reference | 682 | Reference | ||||
US | 1692 | 1.37 | 1.22, 1.53 | < 0.001 | 1058 | 1.50 | 1.32, 1.68 | < 0.001 |
Germany | 226 | 0.92 | 0.66, 1.17 | < 0.001 | 142 | 0.42 | 0.13, 0.72 | 0.005 |
Sweden | 1590 | 1.42 | 1.27, 1.57 | < 0.001 | 1235 | 1.38 | 1.21, 1.54 | < 0.001 |
First-degree relative with type 1 diabetes: | ||||||||
No | 4197 | Reference | 2864 | Reference | ||||
Yes | 368 | 0.27 | 0.08, 0.46 | 0.006 | 253 | 0.06 | −0.15, 0.27 | 0.562 |
Father’s education: | ||||||||
University | 2325 | Reference | 1591 | Reference | ||||
Trade School | 1141 | 0.11 | −0.02, 0.23 | 0.100 | 746 | 0.33 | 0.19, 0.47 | < 0.001 |
Basic Primary | 1099 | 0.19 | 0.05, 0.33 | 0.007 | 780 | 0.52 | 0.37, 0.67 | < 0.001 |
Parents living together: | ||||||||
No | 23 | Reference | 9 | Reference | ||||
Yes | 4542 | −0.57 | −1.28, 0.13 | 0.112 | 3108 | − 0.79 | −1.82, 0.24 | 0.132 |
Father’s age at child’s birth: | 4565 | −0.002 | −0.01, 0.01 | 0.611 | 3117 | 0.003 | −0.01, 0.01 | 0.586 |
Number of staff changes in the previous year: | 4565 | −0.07 | −0.11, − 0.02 | 0.007 | 3117 | − 0.02 | − 0.09, 0.05 | 0.531 |
Father smokes: | ||||||||
No | 3920 | Reference | 2724 | Reference | ||||
Yes | 645 | 0.05 | − 0.10, 0.20 | 0.534 | 393 | 0.19 | 0.02, 0.36 | 0.032 |
Paternal depression: | 4565 | −0.05 | − 0.08, − 0.02 | < 0.001 | 3117 | − 0.03 | − 0.06, − 0.01 | 0.019 |
Father’s perception of child’s type 1 diabetes risk: | ||||||||
Underestimate | 2352 | Reference | 1570 | Reference | ||||
Accurate | 2213 | 0.48 | 0.34, 0.59 | < 0.001 | 1547 | 0.19 | 0.08, 0.31 | 0.001 |
Paternal anxiety: | 4565 | 0.01 | 0.00, 0.01 | 0.071 | 3117 | 0.003 | −0.003, 0.01 | 0.349 |
Paternal belief that child’s type 1 diabetes risk can be reduced: | 4565 | 0.20 | 0.17, 0.23 | < 0.001 | 3117 | 0.08 | 0.04, 0.11 | < 0.001 |