Table 1 The demographic characteristics and behavioral habits of the participants according to sleep duration (n = 9509)

Age

46.76 ± 14.547

44.83 ± 14.495

44.38 ± 15.158

< 0.001

Gender

0.074

  Women

723 (12.7%)

4308 (75.4%)

683 (11.9%)

  Men

520 (13.7%)

2866 (75.5%)

409 (10.8%)

Occupation

0.291

  Civil servants

333 (12.3%)

2050 (75.6%)

329 (12.1%)

  Professionals

749 (13.6%)

4135 (75.3%)

610 (11.1%)

  Other

161 (12.4%)

989 (75.9%)

513 (11.7%)

Marriage status

0.137

  Unmarried

143 (11.5%)

943 (75.9%)

156 (12.6%)

  Married

1067 (13.2%)

6095 (75.5%)

915 (11.3%)

  Divorced/Widowed

33 (17.4%)

136 (71.6%)

21 (11.1%)

Education level

0.245

  High school and below

119 (13.0%)

680 (74.5%)

114 (12.5%)

  Bachelor degree

752 (13.3%)

4251 (74.9%)

672 (11.8%)

  Postgraduate and above

372 (12.7%)

2243 (76.8%)

306 (10.5%)

Smoking

< 0.001

  Yes

209 (19.9%)

757 (72.0%)

86 (8.2%)

  Never

975 (12.0%)

6170 (76.0%)

969 (11.9%)

  Former

59 (17.3%)

246 (71.9%)

37 (10.8%)

Alcohol drinking

0.002

  Yes

230 (15.1%)

1118 (73.5%)

174 (11.4%)

  Never

989 (12.5%)

5988 (76.0%)

905 (11.5%)

  Former

24 (22.9%)

68 (64.8%)

13 (12.4%)

Exercise

< 0.001

  Never

523 (15.3%)

2552 (74.6%)

348 (10.2%)

  Occasional

373 (10.9%)

2565 (75.2%)

475 (13.9%)

  Regular

347 (13.0%)

2057 (77.0%)

269 (10.1%)

Subjective sleep quality

< 0.001

  Very Good

375 (10.9%)

2624 (76.5%)

432 (12.6%)

  Good

619 (12.9%)

3643 (75.9%)

540 (11.2%)

  Bad

223 (19.4%)

814 (70.9%)

111 (9.7%)

  Very Bad

26 (20.3%)

93 (72.7%)

9 (7.0%)

Chronic diseases

0.005

  Yes

332 (15.5%)

1565 (73.0%)

248 (11.6%)

  No

907 (12.4%)

5591 (76.2%)

842 (11.5%)

  Unknowing

4 (16.7%)

18 (75.0%)

2 (8.3%)

Cancer

0.111

  Yes

12 (19.7%)

45 (73.8%)

4 (6.6%)

  No

1230 (13.0%)

7120 (75.5%)

1084 (11.5%)

  Unknowing

1 (7.1%)

9 (64.3%)

4 (28.6%)

Regular medication in last three months

0.008

  Yes

127 (16.7%)

549 (72.1%)

85 (11.2%)

  No

1116 (12.8%)

6625 (75.7%)

1007 (11.5%)