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Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the participants, NHANES 2007–2012 (N = 7943)

From: Association between vitamin D deficiency and hypothyroidism: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012

Variables

Hypothyroidism

N = 614

Normal Control

N = 7329

P value

Total

N = 7943

Vitamin D categories, % (SE)

  

< 0.001

 

Deficient (< 20 ng/mL)

25.6% (1.9)

20.6% (1.3)

 

21.0% (1.2)

Intermediate (20 to < 30 g/mL)

38.1% (1.9)

32.7% (0.8)

 

33.1% (0.7)

Optimal (≥30 ng/mL)

36.3% (1.7)

46.7% (1.2)

 

45.9% (1.1)

BMI (kg/m2), % (SE)

  

< 0.001

 

Underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2)

1.3% (0.6)

1.8% (0.2)

 

1.7% (0.2)

Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2)

25.3% (1.6)

30.2% (0.8)

 

29.8% (0.7)

Overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2)

33.0% (2.8)

34.2% (0.8)

 

34.1% (0.8)

Obese (≥30.0 kg/m2)

40.5% (3.0)

33.8% (0.8)

 

34.4% (0.8)

Hypertension, % (SE)

47.1% (2.9)

29.5% (0.7)

< 0.001

30.9% (0.7)

Diabetes, % (SE)

19.7% (2.4)

10.7% (0.5)

< 0.001

11.5% (0.5)

Dyslipidemia, % (SE)

54.9% (2.3)

44.7% (0.8)

< 0.001

45.5% (0.7)

Thyroglobulin antibodies (IU/mL)

68.1 (3.2)

6.4 (0.8)

< 0.001

11.3 (1.3)

Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (IU/mL)

87.2 (8.6)

15.8 (1.2)

< 0.001

21.3 (1.2)

Total protein (g/L)

70.7 (0.3)

71.3 (0.1)

0.145

71.2 (0.1)

Albumin (g/L)

41.9 (0.2)

42.9 (0.1)

< 0.001

42.8 (0.1)

Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)

25.2 (1.1)

25.9 (0.2)

0.522

25.8 (0.2)

Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)

27.6 (1.2)

25.9 (0.2)

0.211

26 (0.2)

Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)

68.6 (1.4)

66.7 (0.4)

0.139

66.8 (0.4)

Total bilirubin (mg/dL)

0.74 (0.1)

0.8 (0.1)

0.068

0.8 (0.1)

Iodine, urine (ug/L)

381.7 (63.2)

248.8 (12.6)

0.077

259.5 (13.6)

Direct HDL-Cholesterol (mg/dL)

55 (1.1)

52.2 (0.3)

0.008

52.4 (0.3)

LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)

117 (1.0)

116.4 (0.6)

0.849

116.4 (0.6)

Total Cholesterol (mg/dL)

198.3 (1.2)

196.9 (0.7)

0.514

197 (0.6)

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

131.8 (2.2)

134 (2.9)

0.710

133.8 (2.6)

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.88 (0.1)

0.9 (0.01)

0.434

0.9 (0)

Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

14.4 (0.2)

12.9 (0.1)

< 0.001

13 (0.1)

Chloride (mmol/L)

103.3 (0.2)

104 (0.1)

< 0.001

104 (0.1)

Phosphorus (mg/dL)

3.8 (0.1)

3.8 (0.1)

0.002

3.8 (0.1)

Potassium (mmol/L)

4.0 (0.1)

4.0 (0.1)

0.059

4.0 (0.1)

Sodium (mmol/L)

139 (0.1)

139.2 (0.1)

0.226

139.2 (0.1)

Total calcium (mg/dL)

9.4 (0.1)

9.4 (0.2)

0.018

9.4 (0.2)