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Table 5 Odds ratios for risk factors of anemia in patients with diabetes by sex

From: Association between diabetes mellitus and anemia among Korean adults according to sex: a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2016)

 

Model 1

 

Model 2

 

Model 3

 

OR a

95% CI

p-value

OR a

95% CI

p-value

OR a

95% CI

p-value

Total

 Iron intake per day (mg/day)

0.96

0.95–0.98

<.0001

0.98

0.96–0.99

0.0029

0.98

0.97–1.00

0.0137

 Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

6.28

3.95–9.99

<.0001

14.28

8.15–25.01

<.0001

13.40

7.64–23.51

<.0001

 High waist circumference

0.59

0.44–0.79

0.0004

0.52

0.31–0.88

0.015

0.47

0.26–0.83

0.0097

 HTN

1.69

1.25–2.29

0.0007

1.30

0.94–1.79

0.1133

1.09

0.78–1.53

0.6134

 Hypertriglyceridemia

0.49

0.34–0.70

<.0001

0.69

0.42–0.90

0.0129

0.62

0.41–0.92

0.0179

 Low HDL cholesterol

1.41

1.064–1.87

0.017

1.23

0.92–1.65

0.1592

1.27

0.93–1.73

0.1307

Men

 Iron intake per day (mg/day)

0.96

0.94–0.98

0.0005

0.98

0.96–1.00

0.02

0.98

0.96–1.00

0.0744

 Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

10.31

5.40–19.70

<.0001

8.00

3.84–16.65

<.0001

6.30

3.08–12.90

<.0001

 High waist circumference

0.42

0.26–0.67

0.0003

0.73

0.37–1.44

0.3597

0.65

0.31–1.35

0.2458

 HTN

2.49

1.61–3.85

<.0001

2.14

1.31–3.49

0.0025

1.86

1.18–3.13

0.0191

 Hypertriglyceridemia

0.24

0.13–0.43

<.0001

0.38

0.20–0.72

0.003

0.40

0.21–0.77

0.0065

 Low HDL cholesterol

1.17

0.79–1.73

0.4322

1.32

0.85–2.06

0.2178

1.34

0.88–2.20

0.2462

Women

 Iron intake per day (mg/day)

0.98

0.95–1.00

0.042

0.98

0.96–1.00

0.0451

0.98

0.96–1.00

0.1147

 Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

34.50

13.98–85.12

<.0001

37.12

15.35–89.76

<.0001

42.63

17.25–105.36

<.0001

 High waist circumference

0.61

0.42–0.89

0.01

0.49

0.28–0.87

0.0149

0.38

0.21–0.71

0.0022

 HTN

1.25

0.83–1.86

0.2835

1.06

0.70–1.60

0.7868

0.89

0.58–1.35

0.5721

 Hypertriglyceridemia

0.89

0.56–1.40

0.6152

0.89

0.56–1.41

0.6096

0.86

0.52–1.42

0.5518

 Low HDL cholesterol

1.22

0.81–1.85

0.349

1.20

0.81–1.77

0.3736

1.22

0.80–1.86

0.3684

  1. Model 1: unadjusted
  2. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, household income, educational level, body mass index, smoking status, and alcohol consumption
  3. Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, household income, educational level, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, iron intake per day, serum creatinine level, high waist circumference, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL cholesterol level
  4. a Odds ratios with adjustments using logistic regression models
  5. HTN hypertension; HDL high-density lipoprotein; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval
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