Table 2 Characteristics according to with or without of diabetes and anemia

Age (years) ^a

45.08 ± 0.18

47.57 ± 0.46

<.0001

59.36 ± 0.33

65.93 ± 0.86

<.0001

 Men

8376 (40.3)

324 (16.8)

<.0001

1279 (49.7)

138 (42.1)

<.0001

 Women

12388 (59.7)

1606 (83.2)

1296 (50.3)

190 (57.9)

 Low

3661 (17.6)

421 (21.8)

<.0001

876 (34.0)

137 (41.8)

0.0095

 Lower middle

5271 (25.4)

509 (26.4)

705 (27.4)

91 (27.7)

 Higher middle

5854 (28.2)

526 (27.3)

537 (20.9)

51 (15.6)

 High

5978 (28.8)

474 (24.6)

457 (17.8)

49 (14.9)

  ≤ Elementary school

4671 (22.5)

497 (25.8)

<.0001

1118 (43.4)

181 (55.2)

<.0001

 Middle school

2160 (10.4)

160 (8.3)

411 (16.0)

38 (11.6)

 High school

6990 (33.7)

678 (35.1)

672 (26.1)

78 (23.8)

  ≥ College

6943 (33.4)

595 (30.8)

374 (14.5)

31 (9.5)

 BMI (kg/m²) ^{a, b}

23.67 ± 0.03

22.68 ± 0.09

<.0001

25.37 ± 0.09

24.46 ± 0.42

<.0001

  < 18.5 (underweight)

864 (4.2)

141 (7.3)

<.0001

22 (0.9)

14 (4.3)

<.0001

  < 25 (normoweight)

13,409 (64.6)

1357 (70.3)

1294 (50.3)

196 (59.8)

  ≥ 25 (overweight or obese)

6491 (31.3)

432 (22.4)

1259 (48.9)

118 (36)

 Non−/Ex-smoker

17151 (82.6)

1832 (94.9)

<.0001

2066 (80.2)

286 (87.2)

0.0001

 Current smoker

3613 (17.4)

98 (5.1)

509 (19.8)

42 (12.8)

 No

2598 (12.5)

315 (16.3)

<.0001

533 (20.7)

86 (26.2)

0.0068

 Yes

18166 (87.5)

1615 (83.7)

2042 (79.3)

242 (73.8)

 Iron intake per day (mg/day) ^a

16.19 ± 0.17

14.06 ± 0.26

<.0001

16.31 ± 0.43

12.68 ± 0.52

<.0001

 Hemoglobin (g/dL) ^a

14.37 ± 0.01

11.02 ± 0.03

<.0001

14.47 ± 0.03

11.31 ± 0.07

<.0001

 Serum creatinine (mg/dL) ^a

0.83 ± 0.002

0.8 ± 0.02

<.0001

0.87 ± 0.005

1.23 ± 0.13

<.0001

 Waist circumference (cm) ^a

80.85 ± 0.1

76.97 ± 0.26

<.0001

87.85 ± 0.24

84.82 ± 0.88

<.0001

 High waist circumference ^b

5151 (24.8)

330 (17.1)

<.0001

1242 (48.2)

118 (36.0)

0.0003

 Fasting glucose level (mg/dL) ^a

93.09 ± 0.1

91.3 ± 0.24

<.0001

144.13 ± 1.05

131.83 ± 3.09

<.0001

HTN ^b

5967 (28.7)

520 (26.9)

0.1012

1584 (61.5)

238 (72.6)

0.0008

 HbA1c (%) ^a

5.52 ± 0.005

5.62 ± 0.01

<.0001

7.37 ± 0.04

7.28 ± 0.1

<.0001

 Hypertriglyceridemia ^b

2816 (13.6)

108 (5.6)

<.0001

719 (27.9)

58 (17.7)

<.0001

 Low HDL cholesterol ^b

7345 (35.4)

806 (41.8)

<.0001

1366 (53.1)

196 (59.8)

0.017