Study | Location | Duration of intervention | Type | Group | n | Sex (M/F) | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | Intervention program |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alvarez et al., 2012 | Chile | 12 weeks | Prediabetes | RT | 8 | 0/8 | NA | NA | Performed using regular resistance equipment. |
CT | 13 | 0/13 | NA | NA | As usual. | ||||
Burtscher et al., 2009 | Austria | 12 months | IFG | AET | 18 | 16/20 | 57.5 ± 6.9 | 30.6 ± 4.1 | Supervised, progressive, individually tailored aerobic exercises for 1 h, twice a week. |
CT | 18 | 27.3 ± 3.8 | As usual. | ||||||
Desch et al., 2010 | Germany | 6 months | Prediabetes | AET | 14 | 11/3 | 62.3 ± 6.2 | 29.8 ± 4.0 | Daily home-based sessions on a stationary bicycle at 75% of maximum heart rate and additional supervised indoor and outdoor group exercise sessions twice a week. |
CT | 12 | 8/4 | 62.3 ± 6.5 | 31.3 ± 3.9 | As usual. | ||||
Eriksson et al., 1998 | Finland | 10 weeks | IGT | AET | 7 | 3/4 | 60 ± 5 | NA | Supervised group exercise sessions (aerobic endurance training 1 h/week, target heart rate approximately 60% of maximum) |
CT | 7 | 4/3 | NA | Informed about the positive effects of exercise but no individual exercise programs. | |||||
Fritz et al., 2012 | Sweden | NA | IGT | AET | 14 | 5/9 | 59.1 ± 6.2 | 32.0 ± 5.2 | Instructed to increase their weekly level of physical activity by 5 h of walking. |
CT | 21 | 10/11 | 61.8 ± 3.4 | 30.8 ± 3.5 | As usual. | ||||
Malin et al., 2012 | USA | 12 weeks | Prediabetes | AET + RT | 8 | 3/5 | 45.4 ± 8.0 | 33.5 ± 4.1 | Subjects performed aerobic and resistance exercise on the 1st and 3rd day of each week. To minimize muscle soreness, only aerobic training was performed on the 2nd day. |
CT | 8 | 2/6 | 49.8 ± 10.9 | 34.0 ± 6.3 | As usual. | ||||
Marcell et al., 2005 | USA | 16 weeks | Insulin resistance | AET | 20 | NA | 44.4 ± 6.5 | 32.5 ± 5.3 | 30 min of activity 5 days/week taking into account preferred activities (mostly walking or jogging outdoors or on a treadmill). |
CT | 14 | NA | 44.1 ± 9.5 | 35.3 ± 3.7 | As usual. | ||||
Marcus et al., 2005 | USA | 12 weeks | IGT | RT | 10 | 0/10 | 56.3 ± 6.4 | 28.5 ± 3.7 | High-force lower extremity extensor muscle contractions for 3 nonconsecutive days/week. |
CT | 6 | 0/6 | 53.2 ± 6.5 | 32.2 ± 4.0 | No participation in a supervised exercise program. | ||||
Roumen et al., 2008 | Netherlands | 3 years | IGT | AET + RT | 52 | 28/24 | 54.2 ± 5.8 | 29.6 ± 3.8 | Physical activity at least 30 min a day for at least 5 days a week, at an intensity of at least 70% of their VO2max. |
CT | 54 | 30/24 | 58.4 ± 6.8* | 29.2 ± 3.3 | Briefly informed about the beneficial effects of a healthy diet and physical activity, but no individual advice provided. | ||||
Rowan et al., 2016 | Canada | 12 weeks | Prediabetes | AET | 11 | 3/8 | 53.6 ± 8.21 | 32.0 ± 4.6 | Supervised exercise (high-intensity interval or intermittent training) in the laboratory 3 times/week for 36 sessions. |
CT | 10 | 3/7 | 47.7 ± 6.92 | 30.8 ± 8.5 | As usual. | ||||
Venojarvi et al., 2013 | Finland | 12 weeks | IGT | CT | 40 | 40/0 | 54 ± 7.2 | 28.6 ± 3.0 | Informed about the health benefits of exercise, but no supervised exercise provided. |
AET | 39 | 39/0 | 55 ± 6.2 | 30.0 ± 3.4 | Aerobic exercise sessions carried out at strain levels increasing from 55 to 75% of heart rate reserve (weeks 1–4 at 55%, weeks 5–8 at 65%, and weeks 9–12 at 75%). | ||||
RT | 36 | 36/0 | 54 ± 6.1 | 30.3 ± 3.2* | Performed using regular resistance equipment with training focus on strength and power exercises of the lower extremities and trunk, but also muscles of the upper extremities were trained. | ||||
Wens et al., 2017 | Belgium | 12 weeks | IGT | CT | 11 | 2/9 | 48 ± 9 | 27.1 ± 4.4 | As usual. |
AET + RT | 11 | 5/6 | 47 ± 9 | 24.4 ± 3.8 | Cycling and treadmill walking/running, moderate to high intensity resistance training (leg press, leg curl, leg extension, vertical traction, arm curl, and chest press). | ||||
Yan and Dai, 2019 | China | 12 months | Prediabetes | AET | 35 | 10/25 | 64.23 ± 5.75 | 22.4 (21.4, 26.0) | Required participants to exercise 3 days/week for 60 min/session at 60 to 70% of their maximum heart rate. |
RT | 35 | 15/20 | 62.06 ± 8.11 | 25.1 (22.7, 26.7) | Resistance training 3 days/week with a bungee cord, 50 min/session. | ||||
CT | 35 | 15/20 | 60.31 ± 7.56 | 24.6 (21.7, 27.6) | Maintain usual habits and received no structured exercise intervention. |