Table 1 The bone microstructure parameters in femur among three groups

 Ct.BV/TV (%)

91.37 ± 0.28

91.50 ± 0.13

90.94 ± 0.29^*##

 Ct.BS/TV (mm⁻¹)

4.50 ± 0.08

4.54 ± 0.05

4.76 ± 0.13^**##

 Ct.N (mm⁻¹)

1.23 ± 0.03

1.26 ± 0.01

1.36 ± 0.05^**##

 Ct.Th (mm)

0.74 ± 0.02

0.73 ± 0.01

0.67 ± 0.03^**##

 CtTh.SD (mm)

0.125 ± 0.006

0.119 ± 0.005

0.110 ± 0.004^**#

 Tb.BV/TV (%)

28.29 ± 8.09

18.75 ± 3.53^*

17.94 ± 2.91^*

 Tb.BS/TV (mm⁻¹)

7.06 ± 1.30

5.10 ± 0.89^*

5.27 ± 0.70^*

 Tb.N (mm-1)

1.99 ± 0.42

1.40 ± 0.24^*

1.44 ± 0.22^*

 Tb.Th (mm)

0.14 ± 0.01

0.13 ± 0.01

0.12 ± 0.01^*

 TbTh.SD (mm)

0.046 ± 0.004

0.044 ± 0.006

0.040 ± 0.002

 Tb.Sp (mm)

0.45 ± 0.10

0.68 ± 0.20

0.82 ± 0.25^*

 TbSp.SD

0.32 ± 0.09

0.47 ± 0.19

0.69 ± 0.25

 Tb.Pf (mm⁻¹)

3.58 ± 2.52

6.15 ± 0.57^*

6.60 ± 1.51^*

 SMI

1.44 ± 0.21

1.63 ± 0.07

1.72 ± 0.15^*

 To.Po (%)

71.71 ± 8.09

81.25 ± 3.53^*

82.05 ± 2.91^*

 Eu.N

− 1413.20 ± 376.35

− 1169.20 ± 421.24

− 1484.00 ± 288.52

 Conn.Dens (mm⁻³)

43.65 ± 10.40

27.86 ± 6.97^*

32.17 ± 6.35