Dietary protein sources and risk of diabetic nephropathy in women: A case-control study

BMC Endocrine Disorders

Table 5 Odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals of diabetic nephropathy according to tertiles of dietary pattern intake among 105 cases and 105 controls^a

Patterns	Categories of dietary protein sources patterns
Patterns	Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3	P trend
Mediterranean-based dietary protein sources pattern	(< -0.72)	(-0.72–0.60)	(> 0.60)
No. cases/controls	60/10	27/43	18/52
Crude	1.00 (Ref )	0.13(0.05–0.34)	0.06(0.02–0.17)	< 0.001
Model 1	1.00 (Ref )	0.13(0.05–0.36)	0.05(0.01–0.16)	< 0.001
Model 2	1.00 (Ref )	0.06(0.02–0.25)	0.03(0.00-0.10)	< 0.001
Western-based dietary protein sources pattern	(< -0.36)	(-0.36–0.18)	(> 0.18)
No. cases/controls	26/44	38/32	41/29
Crude	1.00 (Ref )	2.00(1.01–3.97)	2.45(1.20-5.00)	0.01
Model 1	1.00 (Ref )	2.26(1.04–4.90)	3.03(1.38–6.69)	0.01
Model 2	1.00 (Ref )	2.20(0.93–5.22)	2.81(1.09–7.21)	0.03

^a Conditional logistic regression was used.
Data are presented as odds ratio (95 % confidence interval).
Model 1: Adjusted for age, body mass index, energy intake, and physical activity.
Model 2: Adjusted for confounders in model 1 plus diabetes duration, cardiovascular diseases history, and drug usage (angiotensin receptor blockers; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers, metformin, sulphonyl urea, and insulin).

ISSN: 1472-6823