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Table 4 Dietary intakes of participants across tertiles of dietary protein patterns among 105 cases and 105 controlsa

From: Dietary protein sources and risk of diabetic nephropathy in women: A case-control study

Variables

Mediterranean-based dietary protein sources pattern

Western-based dietary protein sources pattern

Tertile 1(< -0.72) (N = 70)

Tertile 2(-0.72–0.60) (N = 70)

Tertile 3(> 0.60) (N = 70)

P-valueb

Tertile 1(< -0.36) (N = 70)

Tertile 2(-0.36–0.18) (N = 70)

Tertile 3(> 0.18) (N = 70)

P-value

Energy (kcal/day) c

1420.94 ± 192.58

1442.79 ± 278.98

1426.14 ± 373.14

0.90

1498.72 ± 338.58

1304.89 ± 173.61

1486.26 ± 292.84

< 0.001

Protein (gr/day)

45.04 ± 5.93

47.85 ± 8.29

48.08 ± 12.15

0.001

47.48 ± 0.57

46.38 ± 0.58

47.11 ± 0.57

0.41

Carbohydrate (gr/day)

249.04 ± 32.2

252.78 ± 50.36

252.08 ± 77.27

0.001

252.79 ± 1.82

251.32 ± 1.86

249.79 ± 1.81

0.50

Total fat (gr/day)

33.98 ± 7.99

33.21 ± 8.49

31.73 ± 7.43

0.05

32.61 ± 0.7

33.37 ± 0.71

32.94 ± 0.69

0.76

Cholesterol (mg/day)

4.7 ± 3.4

6.79 ± 7.61

8.72 ± 11.23

0.004

5.24 ± 0.82

5.41 ± 0.84

9.56 ± 0.82

< 0.001

Saturated fat (gr/day)

6.38 ± 1.58

6.21 ± 1.61

6.04 ± 1.76

0.84

6.26 ± 0.14

6.17 ± 0.14

6.2 ± 0.14

0.90

Vitamin A (RAE/day)

39.29 ± 18.33

42.6 ± 19.41

37.02 ± 17.12

0.20

44.76 ± 2.05

35.81 ± 2.1

38.34 ± 2.04

0.008

Vitamin K(µg/day)

13.38 ± 5.53

13.53 ± 5.09

12.35 ± 4.28

0.25

14.12 ± 0.52

12.98 ± 0.53

12.16 ± 0.52

0.03

Vitamin E (mg/day)

4.07 ± 0.84

3.91 ± 1.29

4.23 ± 2.05

0.10

4.39 ± 0.13

4.23 ± 0.13

3.59 ± 0.13

< 0.001

Vitamin C (mg/day)

10.36 ± 4.23

10.87 ± 6.7

9.98 ± 6.14

0.70

10.25 ± 0.64

9.31 ± 0.66

11.65 ± 0.64

0.04

Vitamin B1 (mg/day)

1.68 ± 0.22

1.71 ± 0.31

1.67 ± 0.43

0.79

1.68 ± 0.03

1.69 ± 0.03

1.7 ± 0.03

0.84

Vitamin B2 (mg/day)

0.97 ± 0.15

0.99 ± 0.17

0.95 ± 0.24

0.36

0.95 ± 0.02

0.97 ± 0.02

0.99 ± 0.02

0.21

Vitamin B3 (mg/day)

16.34 ± 2.37

16.09 ± 2.84

15.76 ± 3.68

0.13

15.82 ± 0.23

16.19 ± 0.23

16.19 ± 0.23

0.41

Vitamin B5 (mg/day)

2.44 ± 0.74

2.43 ± 0.57

2.5 ± 0.67

0.65

2.4 ± 0.07

2.45 ± 0.07

2.52 ± 0.07

0.44

Vitamin B6 (mg/day)

0.79 ± 0.11

0.78 ± 0.15

0.73 ± 0.14

0.01

0.78 ± 0.02

0.78 ± 0.02

0.75 ± 0.02

0.19

Vitamin B9 (µg/day)

360.57 ± 57.53

394.3 ± 82.12

397.15 ± 129.72

0.01

399.76 ± 8.77

367 ± 8.98

385.26 ± 8.74

0.04

Vitamin B12 (µg/day)

0.12 ± 0.07

0.15 ± 0.13

0.17 ± 0.2

0.04

0.12 ± 0.02

0.12 ± 0.02

0.2 ± 0.02

< 0.001

Sodium (mg/day)

3705.81 ± 1098.67

3584.09 ± 913.78

3285.36 ± 943.92

0.03

3453.85 ± 117.95

3520.6 ± 120.69

3600.81 ± 117.55

0.67

Potassium (mg/day)

1689.10 ± 223.39

1668.51 ± 311.38

1765.76 ± 556.14

0.09

1859.33 ± 33.86

1677.14 ± 34.65

1586.91 ± 33.75

< 0.001

Calcium (mg/day)

406.16 ± 67.32

415.64 ± 65.02

389.78 ± 83.62

0.005

400.52 ± 5.25

399.36 ± 5.37

411.7 ± 5.23

0.19

Iron (mg/day)

14.85 ± 1.79

15.13 ± 2.47

14.75 ± 2.84

0.41

15.17 ± 0.14

14.97 ± 0.14

14.56 ± 0.14

0.01

Phosphorous (mg/day)

911.51 ± 121.28

913.87 ± 176.08

895.16 ± 189.35

0.63

925.53 ± 13.7

913.42 ± 14.02

881.59 ± 13.66

0.06

Magnesium (mg/day)

355.64 ± 44.61

356.93 ± 74.84

354.46 ± 97.47

0.02

380.28 ± 7.1

359.58 ± 7.27

327.16 ± 7.08

< 0.001

Zinc (mg/day)

7.89 ± 1.13

8.29 ± 1.79

8.38 ± 3.29

0.34

8.62 ± 0.23

8.27 ± 0.23

7.68 ± 0.23

0.12

  1. a Data are presented as mean ± SE (except of energy intake that presented as mean ± SD)
  2. b Ancova test was used
  3. c Anova test was used