From: Vitamin D and thyroid disorders: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of observational studies
Sub-grouped by | No. of studies | Effect size1 | 95% CI | I2 (%) | P for heterogeneity | P for between subgroup heterogeneity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hashimato | ||||||
 Age |  |  |  |  |  | <0.001 |
  Adult | 9 | −5.69 | −8.20, −3.18 | 89.6 | <0.001 |  |
  Adolescent | 3 | −6.81 | −11.70, −1.93 | 87.8 | <0.001 |  |
 Geographical population |  |  |  |  |  | 0.05 |
  Turkey | 6 | −6.95 | −11.15, −2.75 | 91.2 | <0.001 |  |
  Other countries | 6 | −5.35 | −9.13, −1.58 | 92 | <0.001 |  |
Hypothyroid | ||||||
 Gender |  |  |  |  |  | 0.057 |
  Both sex | 8 | −15.43 | −29.49, −1.37 | 99.6 | <0.001 |  |
  Female | 1 | 2.60 | −1.38, 6.58 | – | – |  |
 Geographical population |  |  |  |  |  | <0.001 |
  Asian | 4 | −12.34 | −31.89, 7.20 | 99.3 | <0.001 |  |
  Non-Asian | 5 | −14.31 | −26.53, − 2.10 | 98.6 | <0.001 |  |
Grave disease | ||||||
 Geographical population |  |  |  |  |  | <0.001 |
  Asian | 6 | −1.74 | −3.95, 0.46 | 80.2 | <0.001 |  |
  Non-Asian | 2 | −7.10 | −18.47, 4.25 | 99.3 | <0.001 |  |
 Participants age |  |  |  |  |  | <0.001 |
   ≥ 40 years old | 4 | −8.79 | −15.87, −1.72 | 98.1 | <0.001 |  |
   < 40 years old | 4 | −0.54 | −2.07, 0.98 | 54.3 | 0.08 |  |
AITD | ||||||
 Geographical population |  |  |  |  |  | <0.001 |
  Asian | 6 | −2.08 | −5.6, 1.43 | 100 | <0.001 |  |
  Non-Asian | 7 | −4.13 | −8.31, 0.05 | 93.9 | <0.001 |  |
 Study design |  |  |  |  |  | <0.001 |
  Case control | 7 | −3.65 | −7.75, 0.44 | 94.4 | <0.001 |  |
  Cross-sectional | 6 | −2.52 | −6.10, 1.04 | 100 | <0.001 |  |
 Participants health status |  |  |  |  |  | <0.001 |
  With metabolic disorders | 5 | −3.48 | − 6.72, −0.24 | 85.9 | <0.001 |  |
  Without metabolic disorders | 8 | −2.87 | −5.97, 0.23 | 99.9 | <0.001 |  |