| Healthy control group (G1; n = 136) | Obese group (G2; n = 90) | Obese with type 2 diabetes group (G3; n = 72) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender n (%) | Male | 88 (64.7%) | 62 (68.9%) | 45 (62.5%) a, ¶ |
Female | 48 (35.3%) | 28 (31.1%) | 27 (37.5%) a, ¶ | |
Age (years) | 12.1 ± 1.3 | 12.2 ± 1.4 | 12.2 ± 1.2 ¶ | |
WC percentile | 72.3 ± 7.2 | 95.9 ± 2.9 | 96.1 ± 2.9 * | |
BMI percentile | 79.1 ± 6.8 | 96.8 ± 1.5 | 96.7 ± 1.4 * | |
HDL-c (mg/dl) | 41.2 ± 2.9 | 35.7 ± 8.5 | 34.0 ± 9.5 * | |
LDL-c (mg/dl) | 120.4 ± 21.4 | 126.1 ± 25.6 | 132.4 ± 17.0 | |
TAG (mg/dl) | 107.8 ± 19.6 | 112.7 ± 21.3 | 142.4 ± 37.1 | |
Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 183.2 ± 21.6 | 184.4 ± 26.6 | 194.9 ± 21.1 | |
Glucose (mg/dl) | 81.7 ± 12.7 | 96.8 ± 20.6 | 106.5 ± 25.7 # | |
HbA1c (%) | 4.4 ± 0.7 | 6.0 ± 1.8 | 7.9 ± 1.9 # | |
Insulin (μg/ml) | 7.6 ± 1.7 | 10.2 ± 0.7 | 10.6 ± 1.2* | |
C-Peptide (ng/ml) | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.3 | 3.1 ± 0.3 ♣ | |
HOMA-IR | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.6 # | |
miR-29a R | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.3 # | |
miR-122 R | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 2.6 ± 0.9 # | |
Sestrin2 (ng/mL) | 5.8 ± 1.8 | 4.1 ± 2.6 | 2.9 ± 1.4 # | |
hsCRP (mg/dl) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.2 # | |
IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 1.1 # | |
TNF-α (pg/ml) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.6 # |