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Table 2 Parameter changes from baseline to after weight reduction intervention in the two groups

From: The relationship between changes in serum myostatin and adiponectin levels in patients with obesity undergoing a weight loss program

 

L group (n = 22)

p-value

M group (n = 44)

p-value

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

Period

days

204.1 ± 18.6

  

197.6 ± 24.9

  

Age

years

49.1 ± 14.3

  

45.7 ± 14.0

  

Sex

M/F (%)

5 (22.7)/17 (77.3)

  

14 (31.8)/30 (68.2)

  

Diabetes mellitus

n (%)

9 (40.9)

  

7 (15.9)*

  

Hypertension

n (%)

15 (68.2)

  

15 (34.1)**

  

Dyslipidemia

n (%)

5 (22.7)

  

14 (31.8)

  

Body composition

 Weight

kg

86.7 (77.9–103.4)

84.9 (75.6–104.2)

0.001

95.6 ± 15.3

84.4 ± 14.6

< 0.001

 BMI

kg/m2

35.6 ± 6.7

34.9 ± 6.9

0.002

34.5 (31.2–38.4)

31.7 (28.3–34.8)

< 0.001

 %fat

%

44.8 ± 6.5

43.9 ± 6.5

0.010

44.9 ± 6.5

41.9 ± 8.8

< 0.001

 %LBM

%

53.5 ± 6.2

54.4 ± 6.1

0.006

53.2 ± 6.1

56.4 ± 8.2

< 0.001

 VFA

cm3

186.6 ± 47.0

181.6 ± 69.5

0.211

181.3 ± 55.8

146.7 ± 57.6

< 0.001

 SFA

cm3

422.3 ± 190.8

402 ± 178.8

0.021

418.0 ± 147.0

361.2 ± 150.5

< 0.001

Exercise capacity and muscle strength

 ATVO2

ml/kg/min

11.0 ± 1.6

11.3 ± 1.9

0.315

11.4 (9.8–12.5)

11.8 (10.8–13.5)

0.002

 PeakVO2

ml/kg/min

17.4 ± 3.3

17.6 ± 3.9

0.618

18.3 (15.7–20.4)

20.5 (17.7–23.9)

< 0.001

 Handgrip

Kg

26.0 ± 7.1

24.4 ± 7.9

0.293

26.5 ± 9.0

28.1 ± 7.5

0.032

 Leg strength

N∙m/kg

1.48 ± 0.27

1.45 ± 0.34

0.837

1.46 ± 0.34

1.56 ± 0.41

< 0.001

 Physical activity

kcal/day

99.0 (14.3–274.3)

139.3 (26.8–219.6)

0.575

53.6 (21.4–120.0)

198.0 (107.1–353.6)

0.002

Blood sample

 Fasting GLU

mg/dL

104.5 ± 12.4

102.9 ± 16.3

0.586

95.5 (87.0–102.8)**

94.0 (87.3–97.8)

0.047

 HbA1c

%

6.0 (5.6–6.3)

6.0 (5.5–6.2)

0.757

5.8 (5.5–6.1)

5.6 (5.4–5.8)

< 0.001

 Fasting insulin

μU/mL

14.9 (8.5–17.9)

11.4 (8.5–22.0)

0.270

14.3 (9.6–19.7)

12.6 (8.0–20.8)

0.436

 HOMA-IR

 

3.5 (2.3–4.6)

2.9 (2.0–5.7)

0.372

3.4 (2.0–5.0)

2.9 (1.8–5.0)

0.165

Adiponectin

μg/mL

2.86 (1.81–3.81)

3.06 (1.63–4.25)

< 0.001

4.15 (3.21–5.35)

4.23 (2.86–6.22)

< 0.001

Myostatin

pg/mL

2381.1 ± 760.8

2980.0 ± 1088.9

0.003

2377.5 (1751.1–2910.3)

2472.3 (2150.9–3472.3)

0.002

Leptin

ng/mL

21.2 (15.4–38.0)

14.2 (9.1–32.6)

0.004

24.1 (15.0–35.7)

15.0 (7.4–22.0)

< 0.001

Irisin

ng/mL

24.8 (20.1–27.3)

17.5 (16.8–18.7)

< 0.001

22.8 (18.8–27.7)

17.6 (16.5–18.8)

< 0.001

  1. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or median (25, 75% quartile)
  2. L group, < 5% of weight loss; M group, > 5% of weight loss
  3. % of sex, DM, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are shown as percentages of group members
  4. p-values show comparisons between pre- and post-intervention groups
  5. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 for comparisons between < 5% weight loss and > 5% weight loss groups pre-intervention
  6. %fat, fat mass/weight × 100
  7. %LBM, lean body mass/weight × 100
  8. AT anaerobic threshold, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, F female, GLU glucose, HbA1c hemoglobin Alc, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, IRI immunoreactive insulin, M male, SFA subcutaneous fat area, VFA visceral fat area, VO2 oxygen consumption