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Table 2 Association of adiposity and cardiometabolic illness with Covid-19-related mortality

From: Increasing adiposity and the presence of cardiometabolic morbidity is associated with increased Covid-19-related mortality: results from the UK Biobank

 

Total tested

Positive swab

Positive swab (died)

Odds ratio [95% CI]

P

Underweight (%)

1.53

1.57

3.27

1.62 [0.28–9.42]

> 0.05a

Normal weight (%)

27.09

23.57

18.03

Reference

Overweight (%)

40.95

41.94

39.67

0.98 [0.67–1.43]

> 0.05a

Obese I (%)

20.44

20.54

24.59

1.33 [0.87–2.01]

> 0.05a

Obese II (%)

9.98

12.36

14.42

1.70 [1.06–2.74]

< 0.05a

BMI (kg/m2)

28.26 ± 5.22

28.79 ± 5.39

29.66 ± 5.74

1.04 [1.01–1.07]

< 0.001a

Waist:hip ratio (WHR)

0.89 ± 0.09

0.90 ± 0.09

0.93 ± 0.09

10.71 [1.57–73.06]

< 0.05a

Body fat (%)

32.06 ± 8.66

32.13 ± 8.60

32.17 ± 8.86

1.03 [1.01–1.05]

< 0.05a

CRP

3.01 ± 4.79

3.21 ± 5.83

3.88 ± 6.69

1.02 [1.00–1.04]

> 0.05a

Hypertension (%)

36.21

35.45

54.75

2.68

< 0.001b

Dyslipidaemia (%)

19.03

19.03

29.18

2.05

< 0.001b

Atrial fibrillation (%)

8.44

8.48

15.08

2.36

< 0.001b

Ventricular arrhythmia (%)

0.84

0.55

0.98

2.22

> 0.05b

Diabetes (%)

12.05

14.12

22.95

2.16

< 0.001b

Stroke (%)

2.36

2.18

3.93

2.25

> 0.05b

Angina (%)

11.37

11.09

17.38

1.97

< 0.001b

  1. Referenced to the normal weight category, participants with a BMI in the highest obesity category (obese II) demonstrate a greater odds ratio of Covid-19-related mortality. Similarly, concurrent cardiometabolic morbidity was also associated with higher mortality. Obesity was also classified as a categorical variable based on BMI (underweight, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; normal weight, 18.5 to < 25 kg/m2; overweight, 25 to < 30 kg/m2; obese I, 30 to < 35 kg/m2; and obese II, ≥ 35 kg/m2). Anthropometric and clinical indices were treated as continuous variables. Logistic regression model adjusted for age and sex was used to calculate odds ratios for continuous variables (a). Chi-squared test was used for categorical variables (b)